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State and Local Government Reforms in France and Germany - Divergence and Convergence
Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, Hellmut Wollmann
Verlag VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften (GWV), 2007
ISBN 9783531902715 , 248 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
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Contents
6
List of contributors
8
Preface
9
Hellmut Wollmann and Geert Bouckaert State Organisation in France and Germany between Territoriality and Functionality
11
1. Introduction
11
2. Methodological Issues and Conceptual Framework
12
3. The Intergovernmental Systems of France and Germany between “ Territoriality” and “ Functionality”
18
4. Describing Drivers for Territorialisation and Functionalisation of and in the Public Sector
24
5. Reform Agendas
27
6. And what about “Governance”?
33
References
35
Jean-Claude Thoenig Modernizing Sub- National Government in France: Institutional Creativity and Systemic Stability
38
1. Two sides of the same coin
38
2. Stylized characteristics of the system
40
3. Key systemic properties
47
4. Consensual corridors for modernization action
54
References
57
Arthur Benz and Anna Meincke Sub- National Government and Regional Governance in Germany
58
1. Introduction: Regional Government and Governance
58
2. The Evolution of Sub-National Government Between Territorial and Functional Differentiation
59
3. Regional Governance as a New Form of Space-orientated Policy-Making
64
4. Revival of Regional Government?
69
References
71
Pierre Sadran The Evolution of Public Personnel Systems in France: Structure and Reforms
74
1. Introduction
74
2. A Necessary Reform
76
2.1 The French Fonction Publique is an Impressive Statutory Structure
76
2.2 Assessing the Performances of the Fonction Publique
77
2.3 The Controversy over the Number of Civil Servants
78
2.4 An Inventory of the Necessary Reforms
79
3. Statutory Logic vs. Reforms
79
4. The Orientations of the Reform
81
4.1 Towards a Culture of Results: Efficiency and Performance
81
4.2 Maximising Existing Potentialities within the Administration
82
4.3 New Coherence in the Public Employment Market
83
5. The Necessary Conditions
83
5.1 The Affirmation of a Strong Political Will
84
5.2 Taking Advantage of a New Window of Opportunity
84
5.3 A Strategy Based on the Articulations of the System
84
6. Conclusion
85
References
85
Sabine Kuhlmann and Manfred Röber Civil Service in Germany: Between Cutback Management and Modernization
87
1. Introduction
87
2. Legal Framework and Structure of the Civil Service in Germany
88
3. Size, Structure and Development of Public Personnel in Germany: A “ Lean” and Decentralised Public Sector?
94
4. Civil Service Reform
100
References
105
Gérald Orange French Territorial Administration and Changes in Public Management
108
1. State Apparatus and Fragmented Public Powers
108
2. The Purpose of the NPM and the Changes in Public Action in France
111
3. The Modernisation of Public Action and its Consequences at the Local Level
115
References
120
Gerhard Banner Local Government - A Strategic Resource in German Public Management Reform
122
1. State Architecture and the Public Administration Landscape
122
2. The Management Reform Movement in Local Government
123
3. Modernising the Länder Bureaucracies: In Search of Management Capacity
130
4. The New Land- local Relationship: How can it Contribute to better Public Management?
136
References
140
Bertrand Blancheton French Public Finances against Globalization: Resistance, Transformation, Reform
142
1. Attempt at an Overview: The Resistance of the Budget
143
1.1 Inertia of Public Expenditure
143
1.2 Relative stability of the tax burden
144
1.3 Constant Budget Deficits
145
1.4 Increasing Debt
146
2. Macroeconomic Explanations for the Resistance of the Tax System to External Constraints
147
2.1Weak Empirical Foundation of the Supposed Effects of Budget Deficits
147
2.2 The Relativity of the Debt Level
148
2.3 Necessity of Budget Pragmatism: The Budget as France’s only Tool to Stabilise the Rate of Economic Activity
150
2.4 Public Spending and Local Power of Attraction
150
3. Aspects of the Restructuring of Public Finances in France in Recent Times
151
3.1 Some Salient Transformations in Terms of Revenues: The Reduction in Income Tax and the Emergence of the CSG
151
3.2 A System that has Become Decreasingly Redistributive since the Middle of the 1980s
152
4. Conclusion
153
References
153
Bernd Reissert Public Finance as Drivers and Constraints for Public Sector Reform in Germany
155
1. The Role of Public Finance in Public Sector Reform
155
2. The Vertical Dimension: Public Sector Reform in the Federal System 2.1 The Division of Responsibilities and the Structure of Public Budgets in the Federal System
156
3. The Horizontal Dimension: The Variation of Public Sector Reform among Individual Units of Government
162
References
166
Thierry Berthet and Philippe Cuntigh Local Mirrors of State Modernisation: The Case of the Territorialisation of Employment Policy in France1
169
1. Decentralisation, State Modernisation and Temporalities in Polycentred Public Action - The Case of Employment Policy
170
1.1 Territory and Project: Evolving Public Action in the Domain of Employment Policy
171
1.2 Territories, Temporalities and Legitimacies
172
2. The Territorialisation of Employment Policy through the Prism of Decentralisation
173
2.1 Actors’ Networks: Recomposition and Positioning
173
2.2 Professional Cultures vs. Institutional Logics
174
2.3 The Question of Territorial Organisation
175
2.4 Who is in charge?
176
2.5 Decentralisation:
177
3. Competition between the State Administration and Local Authorities - Can We Talk of Local Employment Policy- making?
178
3.1 Internal factors - A new turn in employment and local social policies
179
3.2 External factors: the territorial authorities’ new legitimacy
180
4. Conclusion
182
References
183
Frank Bönker and Hellmut Wollmann Public Sector Reforms and Local Governments in Germany: The Case of Local Social Policy1
184
1. Introduction
184
2. The Traditional Local Welfare State in Germany
185
2.1 Social Assistance
185
2.2 Personal Social Services
187
2.3 Social Housing
188
2.4 Labour Market Policy
188
3. Changes Since the Beginning of the 1990s
189
3.1 Social Assistance
190
3.2 Personal Social Services
193
3.3 Social Housing
196
3.4 Labour Market Policy
197
4. Conclusion
198
References
199
Hubert Heinelt, Éric Kerrouche and Björn Egner From Government to Governance at the Local Level - Some Considerations based on Data Surveys with Mayors and Chief Executive Officers
202
1. Introduction
202
2. Patterns of Interactive Policy-making…
203
3. Notions of Local Democracy
211
4. The public sector, modernisation of public administration and New Public Management
217
5. Conclusions
223
References
224
Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot Reform and Modernization of Urban Government in France
226
1. Modernity in Urban Goverment: A Long-Lasting Competition between France and Germany
226
2. Modernizing the Political Link between Citizens and Urban Government
231
3. How to Cope with the Metropolitan Problem?
236
References
245
Angelika Vetter Modernizing German Local Government: Bringing the People Back in?
247
1. Introduction
247
2. Politikverdrossenheit - the Problem to be Solved
248
3. A Reform Window opens at the Beginning of the 1990s
249
4. Modernization Strategies in German Local Government: Successes and Failures
252
References
261
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