Kants Transcendental Deduction: An Analytical-Historical Commentary

Henry E. Allison presents an analytical and historical commentary on Kant`s transcendental deduction of the pure concepts of the understanding in the Critique of Pure Reason. He argues that, rather than providing a new solution to an old problem (refuting a global skepticism regarding the objectivity of experience), it addresses a new problem (the role of a priori concepts or categories stemming from the nature of the understanding in groundingthis objectivity), and he traces the line of thought that led Kant to the recognition of the significance of this problem in his pre-critical period. Allison locates four decisive steps in this process: the recognition that sensibility and understanding are distinct and irreducible cognitive powers, which Kantreferred to as a great light of 1769, the subsequent realization that, though distinct, these powers only yield cognition when they work together, which is referred to as the discursivity thesis and which led directly to the distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments and the problem of the synthetic a priori, the discovery of the necessary unity of apperception as the supreme norm governing discursive cognition, and the recognition, through the influence of Tetens, ofthe role of the imagination in mediating between sensibility and understanding. In addition to the developmental nature of the account of Kant`s views, two distinctive features of Allisonsreading of the deduction are a defense of Kant`s oft criticized claim that the conformity of appearances to the categoriesmust be unconditionally rather than merely conditionally necessary (the non-contingency thesis) and an insistence that the argument cannot be separated from Kant`s transcendental idealism (the non-separability thesis).