Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - The Art of Controversies

Contents

Abbreviations

About the Apparatus

Acknowledgements

Introductory Essay

1. Introduction

2. Motivation

3. Sources

4. Content

5. Scope

6. Significance

7. Policies

Chapter 1 VICES OF MINGLED DISPUTES

Chapter 2 THE CONTROVERSY OF CONTROVERSIES

Chapter 3 THE RELIGION OF A PEASANT

Chapter 4 THE ELEMENTS OF THINKING

Chapter 5 THE BALANCE OF LAW

Chapter 6 CAN THERE BE AN OBLIGATION TO BELIEVE?

A. FIRST DRAFT

B. NEW VERSION

C. FINAL VERSION

Chapter 7 CONTROVERSIES ON SACRED MATTERS

Chapter 8 THE JUDGE OF CONTROVERSIES

A. FIRST DRAFT

B. DEFINITIVE VERSION

C. RICHELIEU AND DE GROOT ON CONTROVERSIES

D. THE UTILITY OF CONTROVERSIES

E. THE MOST USEFUL KIND OF CONTROVERSIES

F. CONTROVERSIES9

Chapter 9 TOWARDS A HEURISTICS FOR LITIGATION

A. PRESERVING FORM IN LITIGATION

B. ALL POSSIBLE LITIGATIONS

C. A HANDBOOK OF PRACTICAL LITIGATIONS

D. JURIDICAL COMMONPLACES

E. BROCARDIC PRINCIPLES

Chapter 10 THE METHOD OF JURISTS AND THE METHOD OF DOCTORS

Chapter 11 INTERPRETATION AND ARGUMENTATION IN LAW

A. PROLEGOMENA

B. ON THE INTERPRETATION, FOUNDATIONS, APPLICATION AND SYSTEM OF LAWS

Chapter 12 TOWARDS A HEURISTICS FOR DISCOVERY

A. THE ART OF INVENTION

B. TABLES, DIVISIONS, AND THE PLURALITY OF METHODS

C. A PRINCIPLE OF DISCOVERY

D. A RULE OF DISCOVERY

Chapter 13 ESTIMATING THE UNCERTAIN

On The Estimation of the Uncertain

Chapter 14 TOWARDS A NUMERICAL UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE

Characteristic Numbers for a Universal Language

Chapter 15 THE ENCYCLOPEDIA AND THE METHOD OF DISCOVERY

Project of a New Encyclopedia to be written following the method of invention

Chapter 16 TOWARDS A HEURISTICS FOR PERSUADING

A. THE POWER OF PERSUADING

B. CONCURRENCE OF ARGUMENTS

C. QUICKLY DEFEATING AN ADVERSARY

D. WORDS

E. PARADOXES

F. WRONGDOING

G. HOW GRAVE A SIN IS NOT SAYING THE TRUTH?

H. THE OCCASION FOR PERSUADING

I. DISPUTING UNTIL COMPLETION

Chapter 17 THE OTHER’S PLACE

Chapter 18 PERSUADING A SKEPTIC

Chapter 19 ON CONTROVERSIES

Chapter 20 ON PRINCIPLES

Chapter 21 TWO PREFACES TO THE GENERAL SCIENCE

A.THE INSTAURATION OF THE SCIENCES: A PREFACE

B. FOUNDATIONS AND EXAMPLES OF A NEW GENERAL SCIENCE

Chapter 22 INTRODUCTION TO A SECRET ENCYCLOPEDIA

Chapter 23 ON THE CREATION OF A NEW LOGIC

Chapter 24 NEW OPENINGS

Chapter 25 THEOLOGY AND THE PRINCIPLE OF CONTRADICTION

Chapter 26 CHANGING RELIGION

Chapter 27 METHODS OF REUNION

Chapter 28 AN ARS CHARACTERISTICA FOR THE RATIONAL SCIENCES

Chapter 29 ‘CHARACTERIZING’ DEFINITIONS AND DEMONSTRATING PROPOSITIONS

Chapter 30 ADVANCING THE ART OF DISCOVERY

Chapter 31 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE HAMBURG JUNGIANS

A. LEIBNIZ TO PLACCIUS

B. LEIBNIZ TO PLACCIUS

D. LEIBNIZ TO PLACCIUS

E. LEIBNIZ TO PLACCIUS

F. LEIBNIZ TO PLACCIUS

Chapter 32 THE PHILOSOPHICAL SIN CONTROVERSY

Chapter 33 CONFRONTING THE CATHOLIC HARDLINERS

A. FIRST MEMOIR

B. SECOND MEMOIR

Chapter 34 DEFINING WHAT PERTAINS TO FAITH

Chapter 35 JUDGMENT OF A CATHOLIC DOCTOR

Chapter 36 PRESUMPTIONS AND FICTIONS IN LEGAL ARGUMENTATION

A. LEIBNIZ TO WERLHOF

B. LEIBNIZ TO WERLHOF

C. WERLHOF TO LEIBNIZ

D. LEIBNIZ TO WERLHOF

E. WERLHOF TO LEIBNIZ

F. LEIBNIZ TO WERLHOF

Chapter 37 THE ‘METHOD OF ESTABLISHMENTS&rsquo

Chapter 38 THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF LOGIC AND BEYOND

Chapter 39 PACTS, CONTRACTS, AND NATURAL LAW

Chapter 40 APPROACHING THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

A. ANNOTATOR’S PREFACE (A)

B. ANNOTATIONS TO THE TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE

C. SYNOPSIS

Chapter 41 DIALECTIC PRINCIPLES AND THEIR APPLICATION

A. THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF REASON

B. BETWEEN BAYLE AND LE CLERC*

C. LETTER TO JAQUELOT

Chapter 42 THE HISTORY AND TASKS OF LOGIC

Chapter 43 BOLD CONJECTURES

Chapter 44 THE DYNAMICS OF FORMULATING AND EXPOUNDING THE SYSTEM

Chapter 45 THE USE OF LOGIC AGAINST SKEPTICISM

Biographical Notes

References

Subject Index

Name Index