Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration - Biological Materials and Methods

About the Editor

Foreword

Preface

Contents

Contributors

Color Plates

Section I

Musculoskeletal and Wound Treatment Through the Ages: A Brief Historical Tour

1.1. Introduction

1.2. History of Wound Repair and Musculoskeletal Treatment

1.3. Discussion

1.4. Conclusions

References

Musculoskeletal Fundamentals: Form, Function, and a Survey of Healing Strategies

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Musculoskeletal Tissues Basics and Their Natural Healing Processes

2.3. The Application of Stem Cells in Regeneration of Musculoskeletal Tissues

2.4. The Application of Gene Therapy in the Regeneration of Musculoskeletal Tissues

2.5. The Application of Tissue Engineering in the Regeneration of Musculoskeletal Tissues

2.6. Conclusion

References

Overview of Fracture Repair

3.1. Fracture Wound Healing

3.2. Angiogenesis

References

Section II

Autograft Bone

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Cortical Autograft

4.3. Cancellous Autograft

4.4. Cells and other Autogenous Products

4.5. Future Trends and Needs

4.6. Conclusion

References

Biology of Bone Allograft and Clinical Application

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Basic Science

5.3. Clinical Applications

5.4. Future Trends and Needs

5.5. Conclusion

References

Demineralized Bone Matrix: Maximizing New Bone Formation for Successful Bone Implantation

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Remodeling in Demineralized Bone

6.3. Methods for Measuring Osteoinductivity in Demineralized Bone

6.4. Extent of Demineralization and Particle Size Affect Osteoinductivity Assessments

6.5. Methods for Demineralizing Bone

6.6. Demineralized Bone Matrix Carrier Products

6.7. Optimizing Osteoinductivity and Safety of DBM

6.8. Future Trends and Needs

6.9. Conclusion

References

Deproteinized Bovine Bone Xenograft

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Basic Science

7.3. Pre-clinical Studies and Clinical Studies

7.4. Future Trends – DBB as a Carrier for Growth Factors

7.5. Conclusions

References

Bioactive Bioceramics

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Basic Science

8.3. Review of Pre-clinical Studies

8.4. Clinical Review: Applications of Bioactive Bioceramics

8.5. Future Trends

8.6. Conclusion

References

Distraction Osteogenesis of the Orthopedic Skeleton: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications

9.2. Biologic Basis of New Bone Formation

9.3. Basic Principles of Osteodistraction

9.4. Conclusions

9.5. Future Trends and Needs

References

Distraction Osteogenesis of the Facial Skeleton

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Fundamentals of Bone Healing

10.3. Fundamentals of Distraction Osteogenesis

10.4. Distraction Osteogenesis in the Facial Skeleton

10.5. Distraction Osteogenesis in the Lower Facial Skeleton - Mandible

10.6. Distraction Osteogenesis in the Middle Facial Skeleton – Maxilla and Zygoma

10.7. Distraction Osteogenesis in the Upper Facial Skeleton – Frontal Bones and Upper Orbit

10.8. Conclusions

References

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Other Bone Growth Factors

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Basic Science

11.3. Review of Preclinical Studies

11.4. Clinical Review

11.5. Future Trends and Needs

11.6. Conclusions

References

Biological Approaches to Spinal Fusion

12.1. Introduction

12.2. The Biology of Spinal Fusion

12.3. Allograft and Synthetic Osteoconductive Materials

12.4. Demineralized Bone Matrices

12.5. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Osteoinductive Growth Factors

12.6. Autologous Bone Marrow and Stem Cells

12.7. Future Trends and Needs

12.8. Conclusion

References

Electrical Bone Stimulation

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Basic Science – Mechanism of Action

13.3. Clinical Science

13.4. Future Trends and Needs

13.5. Conclusion

References

Section III

Meniscus Repair Techniques

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Basic Science

14.3. Operative Evaluation

14.4. Methods of Meniscal Repair

14.5. Clinical Review

14.6. Clinical Results of Specific Repair Techniques

14.7. Repair Aftercare - Rehabilitation

14.8. Current Advances and Future Possibilities

14.9. Conclusions

References

Lessons Learned From Our First 100 Meniscus Allograft Transplants in Arthritic Knees

15.1. Introduction

15.2. The Meniscus: A Clinical Review

15.3. The Meniscus Allograft

15.4. What is the Work-up?

15.5. Surgical Technique

15.6. Postoperative Rehabilitation

15.7. Summary of Published Results

15.8. Future Trends and Needs

15.9. Conclusions

References

Tissue Engineering of the Meniscus

16.1. Introduction

16.6. Future Trends and Needs

16.7. Conclusion

References

Osteochondral Grafts

17.1. Introduction

17.2. Concepts and Basic Science

17.3. Review of Preclinical Studies

17.4. Clinical Review

17.5. Future Trends and Needs

17.6. Conclusions

References

Autologous Chondrocyte Cartilage Repair

18.1. Introduction

18.2. Basic Science of Cartilage

18.4. Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation

18.5. Future Trends and Needs

18.6. Conclusion

References

Autograft and Allograft ACL Reconstruction: Construct Rationale

19.1. Introduction

19.2. Basic Science

19.3. Future Trends

19.4. Conclusions

References

Tissue Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft

20.1. Introduction

20.2. Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Form, Function and Properties

20.3. Ligament Tissue Engineerng Principles

20.4. Bioactive Factors – Growth Factors, Gene Therapy

20.5. Assessment of ACL Graft Performance in the Animal Model

20.6. Future Directions

20.7. Conclusions

References

Biologic Scaffold Materials for Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Reconstruction

21.1. Introduction

21.2. Basic Science

21.3. Preclinical and Clinical Studies

21.4. Future Trends and Needs

21.5. Conclusions

References

Muscle Repair after Injury and Disease

22.1. Introduction

22.2. Cellular Processes for Muscle Repair

22.3. Factors Affecting Muscle Healing

22.4. Conclusions

References

Section IV

Principles of Musculoskeletal Tissue Banking

23.1. Introduction

23.2. Selection and Assessment of Donors

23.3. Excision of Allografts

23.4. Processing of Musculoskeletal Allografts

23.5. Cryopreserved Osteochondral Allografts

23.6. Fresh Articular Cartilage Allografts

23.7. Freeze-Drying

23.8. Bone Allografts for Clinical Transplantation

23.9. Secondary Sterilization

23.10. Biology of Bone Allografts

23.11. Discussion and Conclusions

References

Bioabsorbable Polymer Applications in Musculoskeletal Fixation and Healing

24.1. Introduction

24.2. Basic Science

24.3. Review of Preclinical Studies

24.4. Clinical Review

24.5. Future Trends and Needs

24.6. Conclusions

References

Tissue Adhesives: Science, Products and Clinical Use

25.1. Introduction

25.2. Methods of Action and Products

25.3. Clinical Use

25.4. Trends and Future Needs

25.5. Conclusion

References

Platelet-Rich Plasma in Orthopedics

26.1. Introduction

26.2. Basic Science

26.3. Review of Preclinical Studies

26.4. Clinical Review

26.5. Future Trends and Needs

26.6. Conclusions

Reference

Gene Therapy Approaches for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration

27.1. Introduction

27.2. Limitations of Current Methods for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration

27.3. Basic Science

27.4. Review of Preclinical Studies

27.5. Clinical Review

27.6. Future Trends and Needs

27.7. Conclusions

References

Paradigms of Tissue Engineering with Applications to Cartilage Regeneration

28.1. Introduction

28.2. Background

28.3. Tissue Engineering Paradigms

28.4. Future Trends and Needs

28.5. Conclusions

References

Section V

The Future of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration: A Clinical Perspective

29.1. Introduction – Hurdles from the Bench to Bedside

29.2. The Keys to Musculoskeletal Regeneration: Cells, Signals and Matrices

29.3. Characterizing the Future Musculoskeletal Patient

References

Index