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Normative conditions to make WTO law more responsive to the needs of developing countries - Normative Bedingungen der stärkeren Ausrichtung des WTO-Rechts auf die Bedürfnisse von Entwicklungsländern
Philipp Scheuermann
Verlag Herbert Utz Verlag , 2010
ISBN 9783831609758 , 333 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
Kopierschutz DRM
Geräte
Vorwort
6
Contents – Overview
8
Table of Contents
10
Abbreviations
24
Chapter 1: Introduction
26
Chapter 2: Trade and development
30
A. DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
30
I. Development as a multidimensional concept
30
II. Classifications of developing countries and the worldwide amount of poverty
33
III. Growth in developing economies
35
IV. Sectoral development
40
B. OPENNESS
43
I. Openness as growth driver
44
II. The debate on openness and growth
48
III. Trade policy for developing countries
60
C. TRADE
66
D. MARKET
69
I. Tariffs
70
II. Support programs
72
III. Standards
73
E. SUMMARY
74
Chapter 3: The evolution of special and differential treatment
78
A. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GATT
78
I. The first phase of special and differential treatment: development as a domestic matter
78
II. The second phase of special and differential treatment: nonreciprocity between developed and developing countries
80
B. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT IN THE WTO
85
I. The third phase of special and differential treatment: reciprocity in the Uruguay Round
85
II. The fourth phase of special and differential treatment: the search for a new relationship between developed and developing countries in the Doha Round
94
C. CONCLUDING
104
Chapter 4: Trade in goods
108
A. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT)
108
I. Art. XVIII GATT: flexibility for developing countries
108
II. Part IV of the GATT: safeguarding the interests and increasing the trade opportunities of developing countries:
119
III. The Enabling Clause: preferential market access for developing countries
123
B. THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE (AOA)
156
I. General rights and obligations
157
II. Special and differential treatment
159
III. Doha Round
161
C. THE AGREEMENT ON SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS)
163
I. General rights and obligations
163
II. Special and differential treatment
164
D. THE AGREEMENT ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT)
169
I. General rights and obligations
169
II. Special and differential treatment
170
E. THE AGREEMENT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE VII OF THE GATT (AGREEMENT ON CUSTOMS VALUATION, CVA)
173
F. THE AGREEMENT ON IMPORT-LICENSING PROCEDURES (ILP)
175
G. THE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES (SCM)
175
I. General rights and obligations
176
II. Special and differential treatment
177
H. THE AGREEMENT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE VI OF THE GATT (ANTI-DUMPING AGREEMENT, ADA)
180
I. General obligations
180
II. Special and differential treatment
181
I. THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS (SA)
182
I. General obligations
183
II. Special and differential treatment
183
J. THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES (TRIMS)
184
I. General obligations
184
II. Special and differential treatment
184
Chapter 5: Trade in services
186
A. OBLIGATIONS UNDER GATS
186
I. General obligations and disciplines
187
II. Specific commitments
188
III. The annexes and protocols to the agreement
189
B. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT
189
Chapter 6: Protection of intellectual property
194
A. OBLIGATIONS UNDER TRIPS
194
I. General obligations and principles
194
II. Specific obligations regarding the availability of IPRs
196
B. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT
198
Chapter 8: Reforming special and differential treatment
208
A. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS
208
I. Addressing differences among developing countries
208
II. Specifying developing country concerns
210
III. Limitations
212
IV. Next steps
215
B. MARKET ACCESS
216
I. Trade in goods
216
II. Trade in services
225
C. WTO RULES: IMPACT ON DOMESTIC REGULATION
228
I. Current reform proposals
229
II. Standards liberalization
241
III. Protection against imports, promotion of exports, and domestic support
246
IV. Contingency measures
258
V. Intellectual property
264
D. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECTIVE AID FOR TRADE
272
Chapter 9: Conclusion
276
Chapter 10: Deutsche Zusammenfassung
280
A. EINLEITUNG
280
B. HANDEL UND ENTWICKLUNG
280
C. DIE VORZUGSBEHANDLUNG DER ENTWICKLUNGSLÄNDER IM GATT/WTO-SYSTEM
282
D. DIE SONDER- UND VORZUGSBEHANDLUNG DER ENTWICKLUNGSLÄNDER IN EINZELNEN WTO-ABKOMMEN
285
I. Warenhandel
285
II. Dienstleistungshandel
289
III. Handelsbezogene Aspekte der Rechte des geistigen Eigentums
290
IV. Streitbeilegung
291
E. REFORM DER VORZUGSBEHANDLUNG DER ENTWICKLUNGSLÄNDER
291
I. Differenzierung und Graduation
291
II. Marktzugang unter WTO-Abkommen
293
III. Harmonisierung und nationale Regulierung unter WTOAbkommen
295
F. SCHLUSSGEDANKEN
303
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