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The Nobel Prize Winning Discoveries in Infectious Diseases - Nobel Prize Winning Discoveries in Infectious Diseases
David Rifkind, Geraldine Freeman
Verlag Elsevier Reference Monographs, 2005
ISBN 9780080459578 , 160 Seiten
Format PDF, ePUB, OL
Kopierschutz DRM
Cover
1
The Nobel Prize Winning Discoveries in Infectious Diseases
4
Contents
6
Preface
8
Acknowledgments
10
Introduction
12
Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Prizes
16
Part A: Immunity
22
1 Serotherapy
26
EMIL VON BEHRING
26
DIPHTHERIA
26
The 1925 diphtheria run
28
TETANUS
30
SUMMARY
32
2 Antimicrobial defenses
34
JULES BORDET
34
ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSES
34
Antibody
35
Complement
37
PERTUSSIS
39
SUMMARY
39
3 MHC restriction
40
PETER DOHERTY AND ROLF ZINKERNAGEL
40
THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATABILITY COMPLEX SYSTEM
41
SUMMARY
44
Part B: Antimicrobials
46
4 Prontosil and the sulfonamides
50
GERHARD DOMAGK
50
PRONTOSIL
51
THE SULFAS
52
SUMMARY
53
5 Penicillin
54
ALEXANDER FLEMING, ERNEST CHAIN AND HOWARD FLOREY
54
PENICILLIN
55
Resistance
57
6 Streptomycin
58
SELMAN WAKSMAN
58
STREPTOMYCIN
59
SUMMARY
61
7 Chemotherapeutic agents
62
GEORGE HITCHINGS, GERTRUDE ELION AND JAMES BLACK
62
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
63
Pyrimethamine
63
Trimethoprim
64
Acyclovir
65
Part C: Bacteria
66
8 Tuberculosis
70
ROBERT KOCH
70
THE HISTORY OF TUBERCULOSIS
71
KOCH’S CONTRIBUTIONS
71
SPREAD OF TUBERCULOSIS
73
SYMPTOMS
74
TREATMENT
74
VACCINATION
76
OTHER MYCOBACTERIA
77
9 Typhus
78
CHARLES NICOLLE
78
HISTORY OF TYPHUS
79
EPIDEMIC TYPHUS
79
ENDEMIC TYPHUS
81
10 Syphilis therapy
82
JULIUS WAGNER-JAUREGG
82
MALARIOTHERAPY
83
Action
84
HISTORY OF SYPHILIS
84
CLINICAL SYPHILIS
85
TREATMENT
86
Part D: Viruses
88
11 Tobacco mosaic virus
92
WENDELL STANLEY
92
THE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS
92
OTHER PLANT-INFECTING VIRUSES
94
STANLEY’S ACCOMPLISHMENT
94
12 Yellow fever
96
MAX THEILER
96
YELLOW FEVER
96
History
97
TREATMENT AND CONTROL
98
13 Poliomyelitis virus
100
JOHN ENDERS, THOMAS WELLER AND FREDERICK ROBBINS
100
POLIOMYELITIS
101
Symptoms and spread
101
Management
102
Vaccination
103
14 Hepatitis B virus
106
BARUCH BLUMBERG
106
HEPATITIS
106
Hepatitis B
108
Hepatitis A
109
Hepatitis C
110
Other forms of hepatitis
111
15 Bacteriophage
114
ALFRED HERSHEY
114
BACTERIOPHAGE
114
HERSHEY’S CONTRIBUTION
115
16 Bacteriophage lysogeny
118
ANDRÉ LWOFF
118
BACTERIOPHAGE INFECTION
119
17 Rous sarcoma virus
120
PEYTON ROUS
120
FOWL SARCOMA
121
18 Polyoma virus
122
RENATO DULBECCO
122
POLYOMA VIRUSES
123
19 Reverse transcriptase
126
HOWARD MARTIN TEMIN AND DAVID BALTIMORE
126
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
127
20 Viral oncogenes
130
MICHAEL BISHOP AND HAROLD VARMUS
130
VIRAL ONCOGENES
131
21 Kuru
134
CARLETON GAJDUSEK
134
KURU
134
KURU-LIKE DISEASES IN ANIMALS
135
Scrapie
135
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
136
Chronic wasting disease of elk and deer
137
KURU-LIKE DISEASES IN MAN
137
SUMMARY
139
22 Prions
140
STANLEY PRUSINER
140
PRIONS
140
Part E: Parasites
144
23 Malaria
148
RONALD ROSS AND CHARLES LAVERAN
148
MALARIA
149
Control and treatment
151
24 Cancer parasite
156
JOHANNES FIBIGER
156
FIBIGER’S RESEARCH
156
THE RELATION BETWEEN INFECTION AND CANCER
158
25 DDT
162
PAUL MÜLLER
162
DDT
162
PROBLEMS WITH DDT
163
Counterpoint: HIV/AIDS
166
INTRODUCTION
166
THE WORLDWIDE PANDEMIC
167
ORIGIN OF THE HIV VIRUS
167
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
168
A NOBEL PRIZE?
169
Index
172
A
172
B
172
C
173
D
173
E
173
F
173
G
173
H
174
I
174
J
174
K
174
L
174
M
175
N
175
O
175
P
175
Q
176
R
176
S
176
T
176
U
177
V
177
W
177
Y
177
Z
177
