Solar Thermal Systems - Expert Knowledge for Successful Planning and Construction

Solar Thermal Systems

Impressum

Expression of thanks

1 Introduction and Basic Knowledge

Market Development of Solar Thermal Systems

Market Development in Europe

Development in Asia

Development in Africa

Development in USA

Survey of the Solar Market

Arguments for the Installation of Solar Systems

Solar Radiation on the Earth

2 Survey of Long-term Experiences with Solar Thermal Systems

Long-term Experiences in Germany

Stock Data of the Future Invest Programme (»Zukunftsinvestitionsprogramm« – ZIP)

Frequent Defects

Life-Time of Solar Thermal Systems

3 Basic Information on the Construction of Thermal Solar Installations

Development of Technology for Thermal Solar Installations

Characteristic Values of Solar Energy Systems

Requirements for Potable Water Hygiene

Solar Installations Purely for Heating Potable Water

Solar Installations to Heat Domestic

Water and for Space Heating

Solar District Heating

Special System Variants

4 Basic Principles of Dimensioning Thermal Solar Installations

Differences in Dimensioning Conventional

Installations and Solar Installations

Use of Conventional Standard Demand Data for Solar Technology

Solar Installations Purely for Heating Potable Water

Solar Installations for Combined Potable Water Heating and Space Heating Back-up

Solar District Heating

5 Solar Collectors

Task, Function and Characteristic Values

Collector Types

Absorber

Absorber Coating

Collector Casings

Reflectors

Collector cover

Heat Insulation and Seals

Inspection and Testing Procedures for Collectors

Differing Performance Test Results

Use of Characteristic Values, Yield Calculations

Identification Issue

Further Test Procedures on Collector Components

System Tests

6 Collector Assembly Types

On-Ground Assembly

Assembly on a Sloped Roof

Rigging on a Flat Roof

Facade-Mounted Collectors

Assembly of Pre-Manufactured Thermosyphon Systems

7 The Collector Loop

Principal Requirements on Components and Materials

Collector Circuitry

Modes of Flow Operation for the Collector Loop

Heat Transfer Fluids

Pipework of the Collector Loop

Insulation of Collector Loop Pipework

Expansion Vessels

Circulating Pumps

Accessories

Air Elimination

Safety Equipment

8 Solar Storage Unit

Function and Requirements

Types of Construction

Storage Tank Insulation

Charging and Discharging of the Storage Unit

Partition of the Solar Storage Volume / Circuitry of Solar Storage Units

Results of Inspections

Check of Manufacturer Ratings

9 Heat Exchangers

Function and Requirements

Construction Types

Design Recommendations

10 Control of the Solar Installation

Purpose and Requirements

Principal Methods for Solar Charge Control and Storage

Principal Opportunities of Discharge Control for Solar Storage

Long-term Survey of Old Systems

Recommendations for Realisation

11 Characteristic Parameters of Various Types of Solar Systems

Dependence of System Parameters on Location, Design and Components

Characteristic Parameters of recently Built Solar Thermal Systems

Aging and Performance Changes of Old Solar

Installations within the ZIP- Programme

Guaranteed Solar Results

Solar Contracting

Appendix