RFID in Manufacturing

Preface

Contents

Chapter 1 RFID in Manufacturing: From Shop Floor to Top Floor

1.1 Architectural Perspectives

1.2 RFID Basics and Standards

1.2.1 Technical Foundations

1.2.2 EPCglobal ™

1.2.3 OPC and OPC-UA

1.2.4 ISA-95

1.3 RFID Potentials

1.3.1 Scanning

1.3.2 Tracking

1.3.3 Tracing

1.3.4 Metadata Management

1.3.5 Back-End Communication

1.3.6 Label Management

1.3.7 Inter-Enterprise Collaboration

1.4 Cost–Benefit Considerations and Adoption Decision

1.5 Summary

Chapter 2 The Role of Enterprise Software

2.1 Trends in Manufacturing and ERP

2.2 Enterprise Service-Oriented Architectures

2.3 SAP Software for Real-World Awareness

2.4 SAP Auto-ID Infrastructure

2.4.1 System Requirements

2.4.2 System Overview

2.5 Summary

Chapter 3 The Role of Manufacturing Execution Systems

3.1 Why an MES ?

3.2 Integrating MES into the Enterprise Information Infrastructure

3.3 Processes Relevant to MES in the Company

3.3.1 Time Scheduling and Sequencing, Shop Floor Control ( also refer to Sect. 3.7.6 )

3.3.2 Intralogistics ( see also Sect. 3.7.3 )

3.3.3 Quality Management ( see also Sect. 3.7.4 )

3.3.4 Time and Attendance and Time Management Within Production ( see also Sect. 3.7.5 )

3.4 Tasks and Functions of an MES

3.5 Data Collection During Manufacturing

3.5.1 Data Collection Station

3.5.2 Connection of the Automation Layer

3.6 Flow of Information

3.7 RFID and MES

3.7.1 Identifying Objects in Production

3.7.2 Realization of Online Interfaces

3.7.3 Intra-Enterprise Logistics

3.7.4 Quality Management

3.7.5 Access and Attendance Control

3.7.6 Shop Floor Control

3.8 Summary

Chapter 4 Six Case Studies

4.1 AIR: Airbag Manufacturing

4.1.1 Current Situation

4.1.2 RFID Perspectives

4.1.3 Costs and Benefits

4.1.4 Summary

4.2 CLU: Sliding Clutches

4.2.1 Current Situation

4.2.2 RFID Perspectives

4.2.3 Costs and Benefits

4.2.4 Summary

4.3 COO: Engine-Cooling Modules

4.3.1 Current Situation

4.3.2 RFID Perspectives

4.3.3 Costs and Benefits

4.3.4 Summary

4.4 CAS: Production of Cast Parts

4.4.1 Current Situation

4.4.2 RFID Perspectives

4.4.3 Costs and Benefits

4.4.4 Summary

4.5 CON: Production of Electronic Connectors

4.5.1 Current Situation

4.5.2 RFID Perspectives

4.5.3 Costs and Benefits

4.5.4 Summary

4.6 PAC: Aluminum Foils for Packaging

4.6.1 Current Situation

4.6.2 RFID Perspectives

4.6.3 Costs and Benefits

4.6.4 Summary

4.7 Summary

Chapter 5 Lessons Learned

5.1 Terminology

5.2 A Reference Model for Production

5.3 Motives for Using RFID

5.3.1 Accelerating Scan Processes

5.3.2 Extending Scan Processes for Quality and Efficiency

5.3.3 Extending Scan Processes for Narrowing Recalls

5.3.4 Reducing Paper-Based Data Management

5.3.5 Automating Asset Tracking

5.3.6 Reducing Back-End Interactions

5.3.7 Unifying Labels

5.4 RFID Versus Barcode

5.4.1 Monitoring Processes

5.4.2 Management of Process Data

5.4.3 Container Management

5.4.4 Uniform Labeling

5.4.5 Process Safety

5.5 A Guide to Assess Costs and Benefits1

5.5.1 Costs

5.5.2 Benefits

5.6 Basic RFID Functionalities

5.6.1 Filtering and Enriching RFID Data

5.6.2 Storing RFID Data

5.6.3 Sharing Information Along the Supply Chain

5.6.4 Event Detection

5.7 Requirements for the IT Infrastructure

5.7.1 Providing RFID Data to Components of ISA-95 Level 3

5.7.2 Distributing Business Logic and Data

5.7.3 Supporting Heterogeneous Data Sources

5.7.4 Dealing with Noise and Uncertainty

5.7.5 Supporting Process Analysis

5.7.6 Supporting Asset Tracking

5.8 Hardware Issues on the Plant Floor

5.8.1 Hostile Physical Conditions

5.8.2 Presence of Metal

5.8.3 Demand for Wireless Communication

5.8.4 Processes in Close Spatial Proximity

5.9 Current Motives and Open Potential for Using RFID

5.10 Summary

Chapter 6 Conclusions and Outlook

References

Subject Index