Suchen und Finden
Service
Automotive Tribology
Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Vinay Kumar Patel, Vikram Kumar
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2019
ISBN 9789811504341 , 342 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
Kopierschutz Wasserzeichen
Geräte
Preface
6
Contents
9
About the Editors
11
General
14
1 Introduction of Automotive Tribology
15
1.1 Introduction
15
1.1.1 Friction
16
1.1.2 Wear
16
1.1.3 Lubrication
17
1.1.4 Factors Which Affect the Tribological Performance
18
1.1.5 Application of Tribology
19
References
24
New Materials for Automotive Applications
26
2 Tribological Aspects of Automotive Engines
27
2.1 Introduction
27
2.2 Automotive Engine Tribology
29
2.2.1 Engine
29
2.2.2 Engine Lubrication Regimes and Wear Calculations
29
2.2.3 Piston Ring Assembly
30
2.2.4 Engine Bearing
31
2.2.5 Valve-Train
32
2.2.6 Cam Follower
32
2.3 Transmission and Drive Line Tribology
33
2.3.1 Transmission Line
33
2.3.2 Traction Drive Components
33
2.3.3 Wheel Bearing
34
2.3.4 Drive Chain
34
2.4 Trends in Automotive Engine Tribology
34
2.4.1 New Material Development
34
2.4.2 Development of Nano-tribology
35
2.5 Trends in Automotive Lubricants
35
2.5.1 Engine Lubricants
35
2.5.2 Gear Lubricants
36
2.5.3 Axle Lubricants
36
2.5.4 Solid Lubricants
36
2.6 Summary
37
References
37
3 The Potential of Natural Fibers for Automotive Sector
40
3.1 Introduction
41
3.2 Applications of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRC)
43
3.3 Advantages of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites
43
3.4 Disadvantages of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites
44
3.5 Classification of Natural Fibres
44
3.6 Mechanical Testing of Natural-Fibre Composites
45
3.6.1 Tensile Strength of Composite
45
3.6.2 Elongation at Break (%)
47
3.6.3 Impact Strength
47
3.6.4 Flexural Strength
48
3.6.5 Stiffness
48
3.6.6 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
49
3.7 Applications in the Automobile Sector
50
3.7.1 Interior Components
50
3.7.2 Exterior Components
55
3.8 Limitations
55
3.9 Conclusions
55
References
56
4 Future of Metal Foam Materials in Automotive Industry
59
4.1 Introduction
60
4.2 Production Methods of Close Cell Metal Foams
61
4.2.1 Blowing Agent Techniques
62
4.2.2 Powder Metallurgy Technique (Trade Name—Alulight)
62
4.2.3 Melt Route Method (Trade Name—Alporas)
63
4.2.4 Foaming by Gas Injection (Trade Name—Alcan or Cymat)
64
4.3 Properties of Some of the Commercially Available Al Foams
65
4.4 Applications and Commercialization of Close-Cell Metal Foam
66
4.4.1 Light Weight Construction and Energy Absorption Applications
67
4.4.2 Light Weight Construction with Damping Insulation
68
4.4.3 Multi-functional Application
68
4.5 Conclusion
69
References
69
5 Study of Tribo-Performance and Application of Polymer Composite
72
5.1 Introduction
72
5.2 Tribology
73
5.2.1 Tribo-Testing Machines
76
5.3 Tribological Properties of Polymer
76
5.4 Tribological Properties of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials
82
5.4.1 Glass Fibre Composite
84
5.4.2 Carbon Fibre Composite
85
5.4.3 Natural Fibre Composite
91
5.5 Tribological Application of Composite Materials
91
5.5.1 Gears
94
5.5.2 Brake Pads
95
5.5.3 Springs
97
5.6 Conclusions
98
5.7 Future Works
101
References
101
6 Mechanical and Erosion Characteristics of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite: Effect of Filler Size
107
6.1 Introduction
108
6.2 Types of Natural Fibers
109
6.2.1 Composite Fabrication Techniques
110
6.2.2 Particle Size Distribution of Mill Scale
112
6.2.3 Mechanical Characterization
112
6.3 Erosion Behavior of NFRP Composites
115
6.3.1 Air Jet Erosion Test Rig
115
6.3.2 Effect of Impingement Angle on Erosion Rate with Varying Mill Scale Size in Composites
116
6.3.3 Effect of Impact Velocity on Erosion Rate with Varying Mill Scale Size in Composites
118
6.3.4 Effect of Environment Temperature on Erosion Rate with Varying Mill Scale Size in Composites
119
6.4 Conclusion
119
References
120
7 Erosive Wear Behaviour of Carbon Fiber/Silicon Nitride Polymer Composite for Automotive Application
123
7.1 Introduction
124
7.2 Materials and Methods
125
7.2.1 Composite Fabrication
125
7.2.2 Solid Particle Erosion
128
7.3 Result and Discussion
128
7.4 Conclusion
133
References
133
8 Effects of Reinforcement on Tribological Behaviour of Aluminium Matrix Composites
136
8.1 Introduction
136
8.2 Reinforcement Particle in AMC
137
8.3 Techniques of Manufacturing AMCs
138
8.3.1 Squeeze Casting
139
8.3.2 Compocasting
140
8.3.3 Stir Casting
140
8.4 Tribology of AMCs
141
8.5 Mechanical Properties of AMCs
144
8.6 Applications of AMCs
145
8.7 Conclusion
146
References
146
New Lubricants for Automotive Applications
149
9 Current and Future Trends in Grease Lubrication
150
9.1 Introduction
151
9.1.1 Background
151
9.1.2 Overview of Lubricants
151
9.2 Grease
152
9.3 Grease Composition
153
9.3.1 Base Oil
153
9.3.2 Thickener
156
9.3.3 Additives
157
9.4 General Method for Grease Synthesis
158
9.5 Test Methods
159
9.5.1 Physical Property Testing
159
9.5.2 Tribological Performance Testing
164
9.6 Grease Specification for Automotive Industry
167
9.7 Grease Lubrication Mechanism
167
9.8 Grease Tribology
171
9.9 Compatibility of Greases
180
9.10 Application of Grease
180
9.11 Summary
181
References
182
10 Lubrication Effectiveness and Sustainability of Solid/Liquid Additives in Automotive Tribology
186
10.1 Introduction
186
10.1.1 Preparation Method of Lubricants/Vapor Deposition
187
10.1.2 Physical Properties of Steel and Ball-on-Disk Test Procedure
188
10.1.3 Theory of Sliding Friction and Wear
189
10.1.4 Tribological Investigation
190
10.1.5 Influencing Wear Parameters
193
10.1.6 Conclusions and Future Directions
197
References
198
11 Potential of Bio-lubricants in Automotive Tribology
200
11.1 Introduction
200
11.2 Lubrication and Lubricants
202
11.3 Bio-lubricants
203
11.3.1 Bio-lubricant Properties
204
11.3.2 Biodegradability
207
11.3.3 Merits and Demerits of Bio-lubricant
208
11.3.4 Bio-lubricants in Automotive Tribology
209
11.4 Conclusion
214
References
214
Surface Morphologies for Automotive Applications
218
12 Influence of Surface Texturing on Friction and Wear
219
12.1 Introduction
220
12.2 Texturing on Tribo Surface Using Milling Operation
224
12.3 Investigating the Tribological Properties Using Pin-on-Disc Tribometer
226
12.4 Understanding the Mechanisms Involved During Tribo Tests
231
12.4.1 Lubricant Reservoirs Leading to Friction Reduction
231
12.4.2 Presence of Third Bodies in the Dimples (Dry Condition)
232
12.4.3 Increase in COF with the Increase in Load and Texture Density
232
12.4.4 Understanding the Severity of the Wear on the Counter Surface Against the Textured Surface
233
12.5 Conclusion
235
References
235
13 Magneto Rheological Fluid Based Smart Automobile Brake and Clutch Systems
238
13.1 Introduction
238
13.1.1 Constituents of Magneto Rheological Fluid
239
13.1.2 Operational Mode for Magnetorheological Fluid
243
13.2 Need for Magneto Rheological Fluid
244
13.3 Mathematical Modelling
245
13.3.1 Magnetic Properties of Suspended Particles
245
13.3.2 Viscous Incompressible Flow with Pressure Gradient
246
13.3.3 Magneto Rheological Fluid Models
248
13.4 Magneto Rheological Fluid
255
13.4.1 Synthesis and Characterization
256
13.5 Sedimentation Test
257
13.6 Applications of MR Fluid
258
13.6.1 Magneto-Rheological Brake and Clutch System
259
13.7 Classification of MR Fluid Based Braking System
261
13.7.1 Drum Brake
261
13.7.2 Inverted Drum Brake
262
13.7.3 T-Shaped Rotor Brake
263
13.7.4 Disk Type Brake
264
13.7.5 Multiple Disk Brake
265
13.8 Summary
266
References
266
14 Shot Peening Effects on Abrasive Wear Behavior of Medium Carbon Steel
270
14.1 Introduction
270
14.2 Experimental Details
273
14.2.1 Specimen Preparation for Shot Peening
273
14.2.2 Shot Peening
273
14.2.3 Abrasive Wear Test
275
14.2.4 Micro-hardness Measurements
277
14.3 Results and Discussion
277
14.3.1 Materials and Microstructure
277
14.3.2 Microstructure After Shot Peening
278
14.3.3 Micro Hardness
279
14.3.4 Wear Behaviour
280
14.4 Conclusion
284
References
285
15 Tribological Performance of Surface Textured Automotive Components: A Review
287
15.1 Introduction
288
15.2 Texture Design
289
15.2.1 Texture Geometry
289
15.2.2 Texture Position
295
15.3 Surface Texturing in Automotive Components
297
15.3.1 Cylinder Liner
298
15.3.2 Wet Clutch
298
15.3.3 Piston Ring
299
15.3.4 Engine Bearings
299
15.4 Texture Fabrication Techniques
300
15.5 Concluding Remarks
302
References
302
16 Applications of Tribology on Engine Performance
307
16.1 Introduction
308
16.2 Automotive Tribology and Its Importance
308
16.3 Components of IC Engine Subjected to Friction and Wear
309
16.3.1 Piston Rings
310
16.3.2 Journal Bearings
312
16.3.3 Valve Train
313
16.4 Tribological Improvements of IC Engine
315
16.4.1 Engine Friction Reduction
316
16.4.2 Hybridization and Engine Downsizing
320
16.4.3 New Combustion Concepts
321
16.5 Summary
322
References
323
17 Asbestos Free Braking Pads by Using Organic Fiber Based Reinforced Composites for Automotive Industries
326
17.1 Introduction
327
17.2 Literature Review
328
17.2.1 Organic Fiber as Reinforcing Material for Braking Pads
328
17.2.2 Organic Filler as Reinforcing Material for Braking Pads
329
17.3 Experimental Procedure
330
17.3.1 Seashell
330
17.3.2 Periwinkle Shell
330
17.3.3 Palm Kernel Fiber
330
17.3.4 Banana Peels
330
17.3.5 Sisal Fibers
331
17.4 Preparation and Characterization of the Brake Pad Composites
331
17.4.1 Organic Fibers
332
17.4.2 Organic Fillers
335
17.5 Friction, Wear Behavior, and Mechanisms of Organic Fiber Reinforced Brake Friction Materials
338
17.6 Current Challenges and Future Research Direction in Brake Pad Composites
339
17.7 Conclusion
340
References
340
Service
Shop
Kopierschutz
= Kopierschutzfrei
= Wasserzeichen
= DRM Kopierschutz
