Suchen und Finden
Service
Depression in Latinos - Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention
Sergio A. Aguilar-Gaxiola, Thomas P. Gullotta
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2009
ISBN 9780387785127 , 330 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
Kopierschutz Wasserzeichen
Depression in Latinos
2
Foreword
7
Contents
11
Contributors
13
Introduction
18
Part 1: Sociodemographic, Epidemiological, Linguistic, and Cultural Factors in Depression in Latinos
21
The Context of Depression in Latinos in the United States
22
Personal Journey: Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
22
Introduction
22
The Latino Population in the United States
25
Mexicans
27
Puerto Ricans
27
Cubans
27
Dominicans
28
Central and South Americans
28
Cultural Issues, Values, and Constructs
28
The Importance of Culture in Mental Illness
28
Idioms of Distress
30
Cultural Constructs
31
Culture Bound Syndromes
32
General Characteristics of the Latino Population
33
Religion
34
Depression in Latinos
35
Prevalence
35
Risk and Protective Factors for Depression
37
Risk Factors
37
Protective Factors
38
Comorbid Conditions
38
Disability, Morbidity, and Mortality in the Elderly
39
Health Care Beliefs and Behaviors, and Health Services Utilization
39
Beliefs and Behaviors
39
Health Service Utilization
40
Conclusions
41
References
41
Latino Population Demographics, Risk Factors, and Depression: A Case Study of the Mexican American Prevalence and Services Survey
48
Personal Journey: William A. Vega
48
Personal Journey: William M. Sribney
49
Introduction
49
Population Structure of U.S. Latinos
50
Major Depression in Different Latino Populations
53
Description of the MAPSS Methodology
56
Characteristics of the MAPSS Study Population
56
Lifetime Major Depressive Episodes Compared to Anxiety and Substance Disorders
59
Immigrant Age at Arrival and Major Depression
60
Assimilation and Depression
62
The Impact of Disrupted Marital Status
63
Parental Risk Factors, Social Assimilation, and Depression
65
Conclusions
67
References
69
Descriptive Epidemiology of Depression in Latin America and Hispanics in the United States
72
Personal Journey: Guilherme Borges
72
Introduction
73
Methods
75
Samples
75
Measures
77
Diagnostic
77
Prevalence
77
Disorder Severity
77
Role Impairment
78
Treatment Sectors
78
Analyses
79
Results
79
Discussion
85
Conclusion
87
References
87
Comorbidity: Depression and Substance Abuse
91
Personal Journey: María Elena Medina-Mora
91
Introduction
91
Definitions and Theory
93
Tobacco Smoking and Depression
93
Cocaine Abuse and Depression
94
Alcohol and Depression
95
Substance Abuse and Depression: The Context
95
Sociocultural Issues
95
Extent of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders
97
Alcohol Abuse
98
Abuse of Other Substances
101
Mental Disorders
102
Comorbidity
103
Treatment of Comorbid Disorders
104
Conclusion
105
References
105
Cultural Considerations in the Diagnosis and Classification of Depression: The Hispanic Perspective
110
Personal Journey: Renato D. Alarcón
110
Introduction
112
Sociocultural Characteristics of Hispanic Populations
114
Cultural Dimensions in the Diagnosis of Depression among Hispanics
116
DSM-IV-TR Cultural Formulation and the Hispanic Depressed Patient
119
Suggestions for Diagnosis and Classification of Depression among Hispanics
121
General
121
Specific
122
A Research Agenda
124
Conclusions
126
References
127
Part 2: Prevention, Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Depression
131
Prevention of Depression in Latinos
132
Personal Journey: John Pérez
132
Personal Journey: Ricardo Muñoz
133
Introduction
134
Levels of Prevention
135
Randomized, Controlled Prevention Trials Focusing on Depressive Symptoms
136
Randomized, Controlled Trials Designed to Prevent Major Depressive Episodes
137
Enhancing Cultural Competency in Depression Prevention Interventions
140
Risk Factors for Depression
142
Socioeconomic Status
142
Residence in the United States
143
Enhancing Protective Factors
144
Social Support/Family Network
144
Religion and Spirituality
145
Multilevel, Multidisciplinary Approach
145
Use of Innovative Delivery Methods
146
Conclusions
149
References
149
Assessment of Depression Symptoms: Self-report Paper-and-Pencil and Computerized Questionnaires
156
Personal Journey: Gerardo M. González
156
Detection of Depression
157
Obstacles to Depression Assessment and Services for Latinos
157
Conventional Methods of Depression Screening
158
The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II )
158
The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D)
158
The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI)
160
Reynolds Child and Adolescent Depression Scales
160
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
161
Limitations of Conventional Screening
161
Computerized Assessment of Depression
161
Telephone-Assisted Computerized Screening
164
The Voice-Interactive Depression Assessment System (VIDAS)
166
Future Directions in Depression Screening Methods
169
Computerized Assessment with Latino Children
169
Comorbidity
169
The Internet
170
Practical Implications of Depression Screening for Latinos
170
Conclusion
171
References
171
Diagnosis of Depression Among Latino Children and Adults
177
Personal Journey: Antonio J. Polo
177
Personal Journey: Steven R. López
178
Introduction
179
Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Depressive Disorders
179
Major Depressive Disorder
179
Criteria for Major Depressive Episode (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000)
180
Dysthymic Disorder
181
Criteria for Dysthymic Disorder (APA, 2000)
181
Diagnostic Instruments for Depressive Disorders
184
Diagnostic Instruments for Adults
185
Diagnostic Instruments for Children and Adolescents
187
Psychometric Properties of Depression Diagnostic Instruments
189
Test-Retest Reliability Findings
189
Concurrent Validity Findings
193
Translation and ‘‘Real World’’ Considerations
195
Summary
197
References
197
Part 3: Treatment of Depression
201
Psychosocial Treatments for Depression with Adult Latinos
202
Personal Journey: Guillermo Bernal
202
Introduction
203
Historical Conceptualization of Depression
203
Ethnic Differences in the Concept of Depression
204
Epidemiology
204
Psychosocial Treatment for Depression
205
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
205
Treatment of Depression
206
Working with Cognitions
207
Pleasant Activities
207
Contact with People
208
Cultural Adaptations of CBT
208
Effectiveness of CBT with Latinos
209
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
210
Interpersonal Problem Areas
211
Grief
212
Interpersonal Disputes
212
Role Transitions
212
Interpersonal Deficits
212
Effectiveness of IPT with Latinos
213
Visions for the Future and Recommendations
213
References
215
Pharmacological Treatment of Depression in Hispanic Americans
218
Personal Journey: Alex J. Kopelowicz
218
Introduction
219
Efficacy of Antidepressant Treatment in Hispanic Americans
220
Efficacy of Pharmacologic Versus Psychotherapy Treatment for Depressed Hispanics
221
Preference and Acceptability of Antidepressant Treatment Among Hispanics
222
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
224
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
224
CYP2D6
225
CYP2C19
225
CYP1A2
226
CYP3A4
226
Environmental Factors
227
Traditional and Alternative Healing Methods
227
Dietary Effects
228
Placebo Effects
229
Compliance
229
Coexisting Conditions
230
Discussion and Recommendations
231
References
232
Community-Based Interventions for Depression
237
Personal Journey: Jeanne Miranda
237
Introduction
237
Treatment of Depression in Latinos
238
Treatment of Depression in Medical Settings
240
Community-Based Interventions to Improve Access to Appropriate Care
241
Vision of the Future and Recommendations
244
References
244
Part 4: Gender and Life-Cycle Issues
249
Women and Depression: The Influence of Gender in Major Depressive Disorder
250
Personal Journey: María Asunción Lara
250
Gender Differences in Depression
250
Experience of Depression in Latinas
251
Explaining Gender Differences in Depression Rates
252
Biological Explanations
252
Genetic Factors
252
Reproductive Hormones
253
Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
253
Psychosocial Explanations
254
Risk Factors for Depression in Women
255
Childhood and Adverse Conditions
255
Life Events and Social Support
256
Domestic Violence
257
Women’s Status in Societies and Gender Roles
258
Marital Status and Childcare
258
The Cost of Caring for Others
259
Paid Work
260
Poverty
260
Migration and Nativity
261
Assessment, Treatment and Prevention of Depression in Women
262
Assessment
262
Treatment
262
Preventing Depression
262
Use of Mental Health Services by Latinas
263
Recommendations
264
References
265
Depression in Latino Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Prevention, and Treatment
273
Personal Journey: Guillermo Bernal and Jeannette Rosselló
273
Introduction and Epidemiology of Depression
273
Prevention of Depression
275
Treatment of Depression in Latino Youth
276
Vision for the Future and Recommendations
279
References
282
Epidemiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Depression in Older Latinos
286
Personal Journey: Ladson Hinton
286
Personal Journey: Pat Areán
286
Demography of Aging in Latinos
287
Epidemiology: Prevalence, Correlates, and Consequences
288
Prevalence of Depression in Community Settings
288
Prevalence of Depression in Primary-Care Settings
289
Risk Factors Associated with Depression
290
Patterns of Treatment for Depression
293
Assessing Depression in Older Latinos
294
Validity of MDD Criteria in Elderly
295
Psychosocial Interventions
297
Pharmacological Treatment Approaches
298
Depression and Dementia
300
Depression and the Family
301
Depression and Substance Abuse
301
Adherence and Access to Care
302
Cultural and Linguistic Considerations
302
Depression and End-of-Life Care
302
Summary
303
References
303
Epilogue
308
About the Editors
309
About the Authors
311
Index
317