Suchen und Finden
Service
Infos und Kontakt
Representation and Management of Narrative Information - Theoretical Principles and Implementation
von: Gian Piero Zarri.
Springer Verlag London Limited, 2009
ISBN: 9781848000780, 305 Seiten
Format: PDF, OL
Preis: 90,90 EUR
Mehr zum Inhalt
Representation and Management of Narrative Information - Theoretical Principles and Implementation
Contents
9
Preface
5
Chapter 1 Basic Principles
11
Narrative Information in an NKRL Context
12
Narratology and NKRL
12
‘‘Fictional’’ and ‘‘Nonfictional’’ Narratives
13
Informal Definition of an NKRL ‘‘Narrative’&rsquo
15
The Notion of ‘‘Event’’ in an NKRL Context
17
A Kimian-like Analysis
18
A Davidsonian-like Analysis
20
Final Notes on the Linguistic Theories about ‘‘Events’&rsquo
22
Knowledge Representation and NKRL
23
‘‘Standard’’ Ontologies and the ‘‘n-ary’’ Problem
24
Introducing the n-ary Problem
24
The W3C Suggestions
27
A Plain ‘‘n-ary’’ Solution and Some Related Problems
31
Previous n-ary Conceptual Realizations
32
Possible Problems Affecting Existing n-ary Solutions
39
In the Guise of Winding Up
43
Chapter 2 The Knowledge Representation Strategy
48
Architecture of NKRL: the Four ‘‘Components’&rsquo
48
The Data Structures of the Four Components
51
Definitional/Enumerative Data Structures
52
General Principles of the HClass ‘‘Frames’&rsquo
52
Prototype Slots
54
Categories of Properties
57
‘‘Relation-type’’ Properties
58
‘‘Attribute-type’’ Properties
60
‘‘Procedure-type’’ Properties
61
NKRL Instances (Individuals)
62
Descriptive/Factual Data Structures
64
General Format of the Descriptive/Factual Structures
65
Semantic Predicates, Roles, Templates and Occurrences
65
Semantic Predicates as Primitives
66
Introducing the NKRL Roles
68
The NKRL Templates and the ‘‘Catalogue’&rsquo
70
Deriving a Predicative Occurrence from a Template
75
Structured Arguments and the AECS Sub-language
77
The AECS Sub-language
77
Determiners (Attributes)
79
Modulators
80
Temporal Modulators
80
Deontic Modulators
80
Modal Modulators
82
Concurrent Utilization of Several Modulators
82
Locations
84
Temporal Determiners (Attributes)
85
NKRL, Timestamps and Intervals
89
Categories and Perspectives
91
Second-order Structures
95
The Completive Construction
96
Binding Occurrences
100
The Binding Operators
100
Priority Rule and Generalization to Templates
102
Correspondence between ‘‘Expansion’’ and ‘‘Binding’’ Operators
103
Using Template Labels within Binding Structures
104
Binding Operators and Temporal Representation
106
In the Guise of Winding Up
107
Chapter 3 The Semantic and Ontological Contents
111
The Organization of the HClass Hierarchy
111
General Notions about Ontologies
111
Ontologies, Taxonomies, and Concepts
112
The Semantic Web Solutions
113
A Quick Reminder of some OWL, etc. Features
114
Some General Remarks about the Semantic Web Solutions
117
The Search for a ‘‘Standard Upper Ontology’&rsquo
121
Recent SUO-like and SUO-oriented Efforts
121
Some Examples of Upper Level Ontologies
123
HClass Architecture
131
Non-sortal Concepts
134
The ‘‘property_’’ Concepts
134
Representing the ‘‘General Quantifier’’ Concepts
136
The ‘‘NKRL idioms’’ of the property_ type
137
The ‘‘pseudo_sortal_concept’’ Concepts
140
Sortal Concepts
143
The Organization of the HTemp Hierarchy
145
Recent Examples of ‘‘Structured’’ Ontological Systems
146
Main Features of Some Specific HTemp Structures
157
Behave: Templates
158
The Behave:HumanProperty Templates
159
Acting to Obtain a Given Result
161
The Behave:Attitude Templates
163
Exist: Templates
163
Experience: Templates
167
Move: Templates
170
Own: Templates
175
Produce: Templates
177
Receive: Templates
182
In the Guise of Winding Up
185
Chapter 4 The Query and Inference Procedures
190
‘‘Search Patterns’’ and Low-level Inferences
190
The Algorithmic Structure of Fum
192
Basic Principles
193
Unification/Filtering of Expansions
194
A Possible Extension of the AECS Query Language
199
Temporal Information and Indexing
201
The Three Indexing Levels
202
The Selection Algorithm
205
High-level Inference Procedures
208
General Remarks about Some Reasoning Paradigms
210
Hypothesis Rules
212
Transformation Rules
219
Integrating the Two Main Inferencing Modes of NKRL
223
Strategies for the Coordinated Inference Processing
225
The Correspondence among Variables
226
Some Examples
228
Additional Examples
235
Some Remarks about the Software Solutions
238
Inference Rules and Internet Filtering
241
In the Guise of Winding Up
246
Chapter 5 Conclusion
251
Technological Enhancements
251
Theoretical Enhancements
254
Appendix A
257
NKRL Software
257
The Two Versions of the Software
257
The Main Interface
258
The ‘‘Visualization’’ Modules
260
The ‘‘Construction and Management’’ Modules
261
The ‘‘Querying and Inferencing’’ Modules
267
Appendix B
272
Plural Entities in NKRL
272
A General Survey of the NKRL Solution
273
Quantification of Plural Sentences
277
Final Remarks
280
References
283
Index
299
Alle Preise verstehen sich inklusive der gesetzlichen MwSt.; Ersparnis im Vergleich zur Printversion