The New Dimensions of International Terrorism

Table of Contents

Chapter One Introduction

Introduction

Chapter Two Hypothesis

2.1 The New Dimension of International Terrorism (H)

2.2 The Role of Ideology in the New Dimension of International Terrorism (H¹)

2.3 The Asymmetrical Component of the New Dimension of International Terrorism (H²)

2.4 Combating the New Dimension in International Terrorism (H³)

Notes

Chapter Three Definitions of Terrorism

Terrorism

Terrorist

Notes

Chapter Four The History of Terrorism

4.1 Early Terrorist Organizations and Movements.

4.2 19th Century Philosophers of Terrorism.

4.3 From Philosophy into Action – A Four Phase Model

4.4 The Internationalization of Terrorism

4.5 The Munich Olympic Games Massacre of 1972

4.6 Western European Terrorist Groups

4.6.1 West German Red Army Faction

4.6.2 The Italian Red Brigades (

4.7 ETA and the IRA

Notes

Chapter Five Typologies of Terrorism

5.1 Nationalist Terrorism

5.2 Religious/Cultural Terrorism

5.3 State Sponsored Terrorism

5.4 Left Wing Terrorism

5.5 Right Wing Terrorism

5.6 Anarchist Terrorism

Notes

Chapter Six Current International Terrorist Groups

6.1 Al-Qaeda

6.2 Palestinian Islamic Jihad

6.3 Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement)

6.4 Hizballah (Party of God)

6.5 17 November (Revolutionary Organization 17 November)

6.6 Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)

6.7 Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

6.8 Armed Islamic Group – Algerian GIA

Notes

Chapter Seven Political Islam

7.1 The Bridge to a New Dimension of International Terrorism

7.2 Political Islam and Islamic Jihadist Terrorism

7.2.1 A Historical Perspective

7.2.3 The Increasing Role of Islamic Consciousness

7.2.4 The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality

7.2.4.1 Islamic resurgence and the contemporary revival of Islam

7.2.4.2 The significance of the Iranian Revolution

7.2.4.3 The historical legacy of the Islamic Community

7.2.4.4 Islamic Law

7.2.4.5 Branches of Islam

7.2.4.6 Modern Islamic Revivalist Movements

7.2.4.7 Egypt’s experience with Islamist revivalism

7.2.4.8 Islam, Nationalism and the State – Iran

7.2.4.9 The Muslim Brotherhood and the Jamaat-i-Islami

7.2.4.10 Radical Islam

7.2.4.11 Islam and the West

7.2.4.12 The Underestimation of Islamic revivalism

7.2.5 Wahhabism as a Vehicle to Export Terrorism

7.2.6 The Saudi Arabian Role in the New Dimension Terrorism.

7.2.7 Saudi Arabia and Extremist Ideologies of Islam

7.2.7.1 External Influences

7.2.7.2 Violent Islamic opposition to the Saudi Arabian regime

7.2.7.3 Militant Islamic opposition to the Saudi Arabian regime

7.2.7.4 Militant Extremism in Saudi Arabia: Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda

7.2.8 Motivations for Terrorism related to the Middle East

7.2.9 The Role of Iran and Hizballah

7.2.10 The Israeli perspective on Hizballah

7.2.11 The Concept of

7.2.12 Osama bin Laden, Al Qaeda and the new Transnational Jihad

7.3 Failed States as the Safe-haven

7.3.1 The Afghanistan and the Taliban/al-Qaeda Connection

7.3.2 Pakistan’s contribution to Islamist Radicalism

7.3.3 Osama bin Laden’s Sudan Connection

7.3.4 Algeria

7.3.5 Somalia and Al-Qaeda

7.3.6 Yemen

7.3.7 Chechnya and the Vulnerable Underbelly of Russia’s “Near Abroad”

7.3.7 Central Asia

7.3.9 Why Terrorist Networks Need Failed States

Notes

Chapter Eight Al- Qaeda

8.1 The Development of al-Qaeda

8.1.1 The Background of Osama bin Laden

8.1.2 Structure, Ideology, and Strategy 8.1.2.1 Structure and Organization for Combat

8.1.2.2 Ideology

8.1.2.3 Al-Qaeda Training

8.1.2.4 Al-Qaeda Tactics

8.2 Al-Qaeda’s War Aims

8.2.1 Political War Aims

8.2.2 Religious/Cultural War Aims

8.2.3 Economic War Aims

8.2.4 Military War Aims

8.3 Interim Objectives of al-Qaeda

8.4 Ramzi Yousef and the New Jackals

8.5 The Attacks of Al-Qaeda

8.5.1 The Bombing of the US Embassies in East African

8.5.2 The USS Cole attack

8.5.3 The 9-11 Attacks

8.6 The Al-Qaeda Global Network

8.6.1 The North American Connection

8.6.2 The European Connection

8.6.3 The Middle Eastern Connection

8.6.4 Al-Qaeda’s Southeast Asian Network

8.7 Al-Qaeda – the Potential for Future Risks

8.8 The Permutation and Franchising of Al-Qaeda

Notes

Chapter Nine The Financing of the New Dimension of International Terrorism

9.1 Financing the New Dimension of Terrorism and the Terrorism-Crime Nexus

9.1.1 A Financial Analysis of Al-Qaeda as a Terrorist Network

9.1.2 Saudi Banking, Charities and Al-Qaeda

9.2 The Crime-Terrorism Nexus

9.2.1 Al-Qaeda and the Opium Connection

9.3 U.S. Efforts to Stem the Flow of Al-Qaeda’s Financing

Notes

Chapter Ten Hypothesis Validation

10.1 H¹ – The Role of Ideology in the New Dimension of International Terrorism

10.2 H² – The Asymmetrical Component of the New Dimension of International Terrorism

10.3 H ³ – The Challenges of Combating the New Dimension of International Terrorism

10.4 The Validation of the Hypothesis H¹+ H²+ H³ = H

Notes

Chapter Eleven Combating the New Dimension of International Terrorism

11.1 U.S. Counterterrorism Policy and Strategy

11.2 Congressional Inquiry into the 9-11 Attacks

11.3 Combating Al-Qaeda

11.4 Taking out the Key Leadership

11.5 Eliminating Safe Havens for Terrorism

11.6 Combating Terrorist Financing

11.7 Middle East Issues Impacting on the War on Terrorism

11.8 Maintaining the Strategic Focus in the War Against Terrorism – Some Suggested Alternatives to Combating International Terrorism

Notes

Chapter Twelve Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography