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Health at a Glance 2009: OECD Indicators
von: OECD (Ed.)
OECD Paris, 2009
ISBN: 9789264075559, 203 Seiten
5. Auflage
Format: PDF, OL
Preis: 35,70 EUR
Foreword
4
Table of Contents
6
Introduction
10
Policy, economic and social context
10
Presentation of indicators
13
Data limitations
13
Population figures
13
Country codes (ISO codes)
14
List of acronyms
14
1. Health Status
16
1.1. Life expectancy at birth
17
Definition and deviations
17
1.2. Life expectancy at age 65
19
Definition and deviations
19
1.3. Premature mortality
21
Definition and deviations
21
1.4. Mortality from heart disease and stroke
23
Definition and deviations
23
1.5. Mortality from cancer
25
Definition and deviations
25
1.6. Mortality from road accidents
27
Definition and deviations
27
1.7. Suicide
29
Definition and deviations
29
1.8. Infant mortality
31
Definition and deviations
31
1.9. Infant health: low birth weight
33
Definition and deviations
33
1.10. Dental health among children
35
Definition and deviations
35
1.11. Perceived health status
37
Definition and deviations
37
1.12. Diabetes prevalence and incidence
39
Definition and deviations
39
1.13. AIDS incidence
41
Definition and deviations
41
2. Non-medical Determinants of Health
44
2.1. Smoking and alcohol consumption at age 15
45
Definition and deviations
45
2.2. Nutrition at ages 11, 13 and 15
47
Definition and deviations
47
2.3. Physical activity at ages 11, 13 and 15
49
Definition and deviations
49
2.4. Overweight and obesity among children
51
Definition and deviations
51
2.5. Tobacco consumption among adults
53
Definition and deviations
53
2.6. Alcohol consumption among adults
55
Definition and deviations
55
2.7. Overweight and obesity among adults
57
Definition and deviations
57
3. Health Workforce
60
3.1. Employment in the health and social sectors
63
Definition and deviations
63
3.2. Practising physicians
65
Definition and deviations
65
3.3. Medical graduates
67
Definition and deviations
67
3.4. Foreign-trained physicians
69
Definition and deviations
69
3.5. Remuneration of doctors (general practitioners and specialists)
71
Definition and deviations
71
3.6. Gynaecologists and obstetricians, and midwives
73
Definition and deviations
73
3.7. Psychiatrists
75
Definition and deviations
75
3.8. Practising nurses
77
Definition and deviations
77
3.9. Nursing graduates
79
Definition and deviations
79
3.10. Remuneration of nurses
81
Definition and deviations
81
3.11. Dentists
83
Definition and deviations
83
3.12. Pharmacists
85
Definition and deviations
85
4. Health Care Activities
88
Introduction
89
4.1. Consultations with doctors
91
Definition and deviations
91
4.2. Medical technologies (supply and use)
93
Definition and deviations
93
4.3. Hospital beds (supply and use)
95
Definition and deviations
95
4.4. Hospital discharges
97
Definition and deviations
97
4.5. Average length of stay in hospitals
99
Definition and deviations
99
4.6. Cardiac procedures (coronary bypass and angioplasty)
101
Definition and deviations
101
4.7. Treatment of renal failure (dialysis and kidney transplants)
103
Definition and deviations
103
4.8. Caesarean sections
105
Definition and deviations
105
4.9. Cataract surgeries
107
Definition and deviations
107
4.10. Pharmaceutical consumption
109
Definition and deviations
109
5. Quality of Care
112
Introduction
113
5.1 Areas covered by the current set of indicators
114
Interpretation and use of the data
114
Future priority areas
115
5.2 List of patient safety indicators studied in 2008
115
Care for chronic conditions
117
5.1. Avoidable admissions: respiratory diseases
117
Definition and deviations
117
5.2. Avoidable admissions: diabetes complications
119
Definition and deviations
119
5.3. Avoidable admissions: congestive heart failure, hypertension
121
Definition and deviations
121
Acute care for chronic conditions
123
5.4. In-hospital mortality following acute myocardial infarction
123
Definition and deviations
123
5.5. In-hospital mortality following stroke
125
Definition and deviations
125
Care for mental disorders
127
5.6. Unplanned hospital re-admissions for mental disorders
127
Definition and deviations
127
Cancer care
129
5.7. Screening, survival and mortality for cervical cancer
129
Definition and deviations
129
5.8. Screening, survival and mortality for breast cancer
131
Definition and deviations
131
5.9. Survival and mortality for colorectal cancer
133
Definition and deviations
133
Care for communicable diseases
135
5.10. Childhood vaccination programmes
135
Definition and deviations
135
5.11. Influenza vaccination for elderly people
137
Definition and deviations
137
6. Access to Care
140
Introduction
141
6.1. Unmet health care needs
143
Definition and deviations
143
6.2. Coverage for health care
145
Definition and deviations
145
6.3. Burden of out-of-pocket health expenditure
147
Definition and deviations
147
6.4. Geographic distribution of doctors
149
Definition and deviations
149
6.5. Inequalities in doctor consultations
151
Definition and deviations
151
6.6. Inequalities in dentist consultations
153
Definition and deviations
153
6.7. Inequalities in cancer screening
155
Definition and deviations
155
7. Health Expenditure and Financing
158
Introduction
159
Comparison of health expenditure and financing across countries
159
Definition of health expenditure
159
Adjustment for differences in national currency
160
Correcting data for price inflation
160
7.1. Health expenditure per capita
161
Definition and deviations
161
7.2. Health expenditure in relation to GDP
163
Definition and deviations
163
7.3. Health expenditure by function
165
Definition and deviations
165
7.4. Pharmaceutical expenditure
167
Definition and deviations
167
7.5. Expenditure by disease and age
169
Definition and deviations
169
7.6. Financing of health care
171
Definition and deviations
171
7.7. Trade in health services (medical tourism)
173
Definition and deviations
173
Bibliography
176
Annex A. Additional Information on Demographic and Economic Context, Health System Characteristics, and Health Expenditure and Financing
188
Table A.1. Total population, mid-year, thousands, 1960 to 2007
188
Table A.2. Share of the population aged 65 and over, 1960 to 2007
189
Table A.3. Fertility rate, number of children per woman aged 15-49, 1960 to 2006
190
Table A.4. GDP per capita in 2007 and average annual growth rates, 1970 to 2007
191
Table A.5. Basic primary health insurance coverage of selected functions of care, and share of typical costs covered, 2008-09
192
Table A.6. Acute care beds in public and private hospitals, 2008-09
193
Table A.7. Predominant mode of payment for physicians in OECD countries
194
Table A.8. Total expenditure on health per capita, USD PPP, 1980 to 2007
195
Table A.9. Public expenditure on health per capita, USD PPP, 1980 to 2007
196
Table A.10. Annual growth rate of total expenditure on health per capita, in real terms, 1997 to 2007
197
Table A.11. Annual growth rate of public expenditure on health per capita, in real terms, 1997 to 2007
198
Table A.12. Total expenditure on health, percentage of GDP, 1980 to 2007
199
Table A.13. Public expenditure on health, percentage of GDP, 1980 to 2007
200
Annex B. List of Variables in OECD Health Data 2009
201
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