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Contact Mechanics and Friction - Physical Principles and Applications
Valentin Popov
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2010
ISBN 9783642108037 , 362 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
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Geräte
Preface to the English Edition
8
Preface to the German Edition
10
Table of Contents
12
1 Introduction
17
1.1 Contact and Friction Phenomena and their Applications
17
1.2 History of Contact Mechanics and the Physics of Friction
19
1.3 Structure of the Book
23
2 Qualitative Treatment of Contact Problems – Normal Contact without Adhesion
24
2.1 Material Properties
25
2.2 Simple Contact Problems
28
2.3 Estimation Method for Contacts with a Three-Dimensional, Elastic Continuum
31
3 Qualitative Treatment of Adhesive Contacts
39
4 Capillary Forces
55
4.1 Surface Tension and Contact Angles
55
4.2 Hysteresis of Contact Angles
59
4.3 Pressure and the Radius of Curvature
59
4.4 Capillary Bridges
60
4.5 Capillary Force between a Rigid Plane and a Rigid Sphere
61
4.6 Liquids on Rough Surfaces
62
4.7 Capillary Forces and Tribology
63
Problems
64
5 Rigorous Treatment of Contact Problems – Hertzian Contact
69
5.1 Deformation of an Elastic Half-Space being Acted upon by Surface Forces
70
5.2 Hertzian Contact Theory
73
5.3 Contact between Two Elastic Bodies with Curved Surfaces
74
5.4 Contact between a Rigid Cone-Shaped Indenter and an Elastic Half- Space Space Space
77
5.5 Internal Stresses in Hertzian Contacts
78
Problems
81
6 Rigorous Treatment of Contact Problems – Adhesive Contact
85
7 Contact between Rough Surfaces
94
7.1 Model from Greenwood and Williamson
95
7.2 Plastic Deformation of Asperities Asperities Asperities
101
7.3 Electrical Contacts
102
7.4 Thermal Contacts
105
7.5 Mechanical Stiffness of Contacts
106
7.6 Seals
106
7.7 Roughness and Adhesion
107
Problems Problems Problems
108
8 Tangential Contact Problems
117
8.1 Deformation of an Elastic Half-Space being Acted upon by Tangential Forces
118
8.2 Deformation of an Elastic Half-Space being Acted upon by a Tangential Stress Distribution Distribution Distribution
119
8.3 Tangential Contact Problems without Slip Slip Slip
121
8.4 Tangential Contact Problems Accounting for Slip
122
8.5 Absence of Slip for a Rigid Cylindrical Indenter Indenter Indenter Indenter
126
Problems
126
9 Rolling Contact
130
9.1 Qualitative Discussion of the Processes in a Rolling Contact
131
9.2 Stress Distribution in a Stationary Rolling Contact
133
Problems
139
10 Coulomb’s Law of Friction
144
10.1 Introduction
144
10.2 Static and Kinetic Friction
145
10.3 Angle of Friction
146
10.4 Dependence of the Coefficient of Friction on the Contact Time3
147
10.5 Dependence of the Coefficient of Friction on the Normal Force
148
10.6 Dependence of the Coefficient of Friction on Sliding Speed5
150
10.7 Dependence of the Coefficient of Friction on the Surface Roughness
150
10.8 Coulomb’s View on the Origin of the Law of Friction
151
10.9 Theory of Bowden and Tabor
153
10.10 Dependence of the Coefficient of Friction on Temperature
156
Problems
157
11 The Prandtl-Tomlinson Model for Dry Friction
166
11.1 Introduction
166
11.2 Basic Properties of the Prandtl-Tomlinson Model
168
11.3 Elastic Instability
172
11.4 Superlubricity
176
11.5 Nanomachines: Concepts for Micro and Nano-Actuators
177
Problems
181
12 Frictionally Induced Vibrations
186
12.1 Frictional Instabilities at Decreasing Dependence of the Frictional Force on the Velocity
187
12.2 Instability in a System with Distributed Elasticity
189
12.3 Critical Damping and Optimal Suppression of Squeal
192
12.4 Active Suppression of Squeal
194
12.5 Strength Aspects during Squeal
196
12.6 Dependence of the Stability Criteria on the Stiffness of the System
197
12.7 Sprag-Slip
202
Problems
204
13 Thermal Effects in Contacts
209
13.1 Introduction
210
13.2 Flash Temperatures in Micro-Contacts
210
13.3 Thermo-Mechanical Instability
212
Problems
213
14 Lubricated Systems
216
14.1 Flow between two parallel plates
217
14.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication
218
14.3 “Viscous Adhesion”
222
14.4 Rheology of Lubricants
225
14.5 Boundary Layer Lubrication
227
14.6 Elastohydrodynamics Elastohydrodynamics Elastohydrodynamics
228
14.7 Solid Lubricants
231
Problems
232
15 Viscoelastic Properties of Elastomers
239
15.1 Introduction
239
15.2 Stress-Relaxation
240
15.3 Complex, Frequency-Dependent Shear Moduli Moduli
242
15.4 Properties of Complex Moduli
244
15.5 Energy Dissipation in a Viscoelastic Material
245
15.6 Measuring Complex Moduli
246
15.7 Rheological Models
247
15.8 A Simple Rheological Model for Rubber (“Standard Model”)
250
15.9 Influence of Temperature on Rheological Properties Properties Properties
252
15.10 Master Curves
253
15.11 Prony Series
254
Problems Problems
258
16 Rubber Friction and Contact Mechanics of Rubber
262
16.1 Friction between an Elastomer and a Rigid Rough Surface
262
16.2 Rolling Resistance
268
16.3 Adhesive Contact with Elastomers
270
Problems
272
17 Wear
278
17.1 Introduction
278
17.2 Abrasive Wear
279
17.3 Adhesive Wear
282
17.4 Conditions for Low-Wear Friction
285
17.5 Wear as the Transportation of Material from the Friction Zone
286
17.6 Wear of Elastomers
287
Problems
290
18 Friction Under the Influence of Ultrasonic Vibrations
292
18.1 Influence of Ultrasonic Vibrations on Friction from a Macroscopic Point of View
293
18.2 Influence of Ultrasonic Vibrations on Friction from a Microscopic Point of View
298
18.3 Experimental Investigations of the Force of Static Friction as a Function of the Oscillation Amplitude
300
18.4 Experimental Investigations of Kinetic Friction as a Function of Oscillation Amplitude
302
Problems
304
19 Numerical Simulation Methods in Friction Physics
307
19.1 Simulation Methods for Contact and Frictional Problems: An Overview 19.1.1 Many- Body Systems
308
19.1.2 Finite Element Methods
309
19.1.3 Boundary Element Method
310
19.1.4 Particle Methods
311
19.2 Reduction of Contact Problems from Three Dimensions to One Dimension
312
19.3 Contact in a Macroscopic Tribological System
313
19.4 Reduction Method for a Multi-Contact Problem
317
19.5 Dimension Reduction and Viscoelastic Properties
321
19.6 Representation of Stress in the Reduction Model
322
19.7 The Calculation Procedure in the Framework of the Reduction Method
323
19.8 Adhesion, Lubrication, Cavitation, and Plastic Deformations in the Framework of the Reduction Method
324
Problems
324
20 Earthquakes and Friction
329
20.1 Introduction
330
20.2 Quantification of Earthquakes
331
20.2.1 Gutenberg-Richter Law
332
20.3 Laws of Friction for Rocks
333
20.4 Stability during Sliding with Rate- and State-Dependent Friction
337
20.5 Nucleation of Earthquakes and Post-Sliding
340
20.6 Foreshocks and Aftershocks
343
20.7 Continuum Mechanics of Block Media and the Structure of Faults
344
20.8 Is it Possible to Predict Earthquakes?
348
Problems
349
Appendix Appendix Appendix
352
Further Reading
356
Figure Reference
362
Index
364
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