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Pituitary Today II
E. Arzt, M. Bronstein, M. Guitelman
Verlag Karger, 2010
ISBN 9783805594455 , 228 Seiten
Format PDF, ePUB, OL
Kopierschutz DRM
Geräte
Cover
1
Contents
6
Foreword
8
Preface
9
Cytokines and Genes in PituitaryTumorigenesis: RSUME Role in Cell Biology
11
Abstract
11
The gp130 Cytokines and Their Role in Pituitary
11
IL-6 Action in Pituitary Adenoma Growth
13
Cloning of Genes in Pituitary by mRNA Differential Display
13
RSUME Characterization and Function
14
Acknowledgements
15
References
15
Molecular Mechanisms of Pituitary Adenoma Senescence
17
Abstract
17
Cellular Senescence
18
Cellular Senescence Machinery
18
Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene
19
Pituitary Tumor Senescence
20
References
23
Stem Cells, Differentiation and Cell Cycle Control in Pituitary
25
Abstract
25
Pituitary Stem Cells
25
Precursors and Differentiation
27
Cell Cycle Exit in Early Development
28
Blockade of Cell Cycle Re-Entry in Differentiated Cells
31
Independent Control of Differentiation and Cell Cycle
32
Perspective
32
Acknowledgements
33
References
33
Role of Estrogens in Anterior Pituitary Gland Remodeling during the Estrous Cycle
35
Abstract
35
Anterior Pituitary Cell Renewal
35
Mechanisms of Estradiol Action in Anterior Pituitary Cell Turnover
36
Rapid Actions of Estrogens in Anterior Pituitary Cells
37
Concluding Remarks
39
Acknowledgments
39
References
40
Hyperprolactinemia following Chronic Alcohol Administration
42
Abstract
42
Hyperprolactinemia in Humans and Animals
42
Alcohol Abuse and Hyperprolactinemia
43
Mechanism of Alcohol Action on Lactotropes
44
Conclusions
49
Acknowledgement
49
References
49
Experience from the Argentine Pegvisomant Observational Study: Preliminary Data
52
Abstract
52
Objective
53
Subjects and Methods
54
Results
55
Discussion
57
References
58
Gender Differences in Macroprolactinomas: Study of Clinical Features, Outcome of Patients and Ki-67 Expression in Tumor Tissue
60
Abstract
60
Subjects and Methods
61
Results
62
Discussion
64
Concluding Remarks
66
References
67
Neurotransmitter Modulation of the GHRH-GH Axis
69
Abstract
69
Dopamine and GHRH-GH Regulation
70
Dopamine in Acromegaly Treatment
71
Dopamine and Growth
71
The D2R Knockout Mouse, a Dwarf Mouse
72
Is There Any Clinical Significance to Our Findings?
76
Conclusions
77
Acknowledgements
77
References
77
iASPP: A Novel Protein Involved in Pituitary Tumorigenesis?
80
Abstract
80
P53 Tumor Supressor
81
ASPP Family
82
NFkappaB
83
iASPP in Pituitary Tumors
83
References
86
Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma: Evidence for Genetic Heterogeneity
87
Abstract
87
The 11q13 Locus and the AIP Gene
90
Additional Susceptibility Genes/loci for FIPA
91
Modifier Genes in AIP-Mutated Families
93
Conclusions
94
Acknowledgements
94
References
94
Serum Levels of 20K-hGH and 22K-hGH Isoforms in Acromegalic Patients
97
Abstract
97
Introduction
97
The 20K-hGH Isoform – Structure and Biological Function
98
Laboratory Measurement of Growth Hormone Isoforms
99
Growth Hormone Isoforms in Acromegaly
101
Conclusions
101
References
102
Pituitary Carcinomas
104
Abstract
104
Epidemiology
105
Pathogenesis
106
Markers of Tumor Aggressiveness
108
Diagnosis
109
Clinical Findings
110
Treatment
111
Conclusion
114
References
114
Modern Imaging of Pituitary Adenomas
119
Abstract
119
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
119
Imaging of Pituitary Adenomas
120
Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
123
Intraoperative MR Imaging
126
Differential Diagnosis
126
Computerized Tomography
128
SPECT/PET
128
Conclusions
129
References
129
Pathogenesis of Familial Acromegaly
131
Abstract
131
Isolated Familial Somatotropinoma: From Loss of Heterozygosity at Chromosome Region 11q13 to AIP Gene Mutation
132
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP) Gene
133
Clinical Features of Families with AIP Mutations
134
Conclusion
135
References
135
Functional Role of the RET DependenceReceptor, GFRa Co-Receptors and Ligands in the Pituitary
137
Abstract
137
RET Receptor, Its Co-Receptors and Its Ligands
137
GDNF/GFRa1/RET System in the Pituitary
138
RET as a Member of the Family of Dependence Receptors
140
To Die of Success: RET Kills through PIT Overexpression
141
Importance of the RET Pathway in vivo: RET KO Pituitary and Prevention of Tumor Growth
143
More Questions for Future Answers
144
Acknowledgements
146
References
147
Testing Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults
149
Abstract
149
Conclusions
153
References
153
Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Measurement in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Patients with Acromegaly: Preliminary Data
155
Abstract
155
Objective
157
Patients and Methods
157
Results
157
Discussion
158
References
160
Diagnosis of Cure in Cushing’s Syndrome: Lessons from Long-Term Follow-Up
162
Abstract
162
Retrospective Study of Morbidity and Mortality in Our Cohort of Cushing’s Syndrome
163
Prospective Case-Control Study of Our Patients with Cushing’s Syndrome
163
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Cushing’s Syndrome
165
Conclusions
166
Acknowledgements
166
References
166
Novel Medical Therapies for Pituitary Tumors
168
Abstract
168
Treatment of Non-Lactotroph Pituitary Tumors with Dopamine Agonists
169
Novel Somatostatin Analogues in Pituitary Tumor Treatment
169
Novel Treatment Options in Cushing’s Disease: Retinoic Acid and Interferon-Gamma
171
Conclusion and Perspectives
172
References
172
Medical Therapy of Cushing’s Disease: Where Are We Now?
175
Abstract
175
Inhibitors of Cortisol Secretion
176
Inhibition of Cortisol Function-Glucocorticoid Antagonist
178
Neuromodulatory Compounds and Ligands of Different Nuclear Hormone Receptors
178
Conclusions
180
References
181
Optimizing Acromegaly Treatment
184
Abstract
184
Dopamine Agonists
185
Somatostatin Analogs
186
Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist
186
Optimizing Acromegaly Treatment
187
Combined Somatostatin Analogs/Pegvisomant Therapy
187
Combined Somatostatin Analogs/Cabergoline Therapy
188
Somatostatin Analogs and Partial Tumor Removal
189
Conclusion
191
References
191
Vasoinhibins and the Pituitary Gland
194
Abstract
194
Vasoinhibins
195
Anterior Pituitary Vasoinhibins
195
Posterior Pituitary Vasoinhibins
196
Conclusions and Perspectives
197
Acknowledgements
197
References
197
Multiple Sources of Information for the Hypothalamus
200
Abstract
200
Sleep
200
Smell and Metabolism
201
Taste
202
References
204
New Insights in Ghrelin Orexigenic Effect
206
Abstract
206
Ghrelin Peptide in the Control of Food Intake and Body Weight Homeostasis
206
Ghrelin Acts on the Hypothalamus Regulating Food-Intake through the GHS-R1a
207
Ghrelin Effects on Food Intake Are Mediated by the Orexigenic Neuropeptides NPY and AgRP
207
Transcription Factor Bsx Is Regulated by Ghrelin
209
Ghrelin Influences Hypothalamic Lipid Metabolism
209
Concluding Remarks
211
Acknowledgements
212
References
212
Ghrelin and Anterior Pituitary Function
216
Abstract
216
Growth Hormone-Releasing Action
217
Prolactin- and Corticotrophin-Releasing Actions
218
Inhibitory Action of Ghrelin on Gonadotropin Secretion
218
References
219
Author Index
222
Subject Index
224
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