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The Mysteries of Mithras - A Different Account
Attilio Mastrocinque
Verlag Mohr Siebeck , 2017
ISBN 9783161551185 , 384 Seiten
Format PDF
Kopierschutz DRM
Geräte
Cover
1
Preface
6
Contents
10
Abbreviations
14
List of illustrations
18
Chapter 1: Basic Elements of Mithraism
24
§ 1. Character and Bias of Ancient Sources on Mithraism
24
§ 2. The Seven Grades of Initiation
28
§ 3. The Initiatory Rituals
33
§ 4. The Fourth Grade: Leo and his God Jupiter
39
§ 5. A Christian Imitation of the Seven Initiation Grades
43
§ 6. The Mithraic Cave
45
§ 7. The Two Niches in the Mithraic Cave
48
§ 8. Theories on the Cultural Origin of Mithraism
50
§ 9. Mithraism from Zoroaster to Plato
51
§ 10. How Christian was Roman Mithraism
53
§ 11. History of Scholarly Research in Mithraism
58
Chapter 2: Mithraism, Kings, and Emperors
64
§ 12. How were the Roman Emperors involved in Mithraism?
64
§ 13. Who was Mithras?
68
§ 14. Mithras and the Kings
73
§ 15. The King as Mithras
76
§ 16. Tauroctony on Coins from Tarsus
82
§ 17. Invictus
84
§ 18. The Cosmocrator and other Imperial Iconographies
87
§ 19. Victoria and the Imperial Eagle
91
§ 20. Sol and the Emperor
94
§ 21. The Apotheosis of Roman Emperor
96
§ 22. The Priests of Apollo
101
§ 23. Apollo – Mithras
103
§ 24. A Persian God with Divus Augustus
106
§ 25. Salvation of the Soul
114
§ 26. Mithras between Imperial Apotheosis and damnatio memoriae
121
Chapter 3: The Myths of the Origins (left Predellas)
126
§ 27. Victoria and Mithras I: Saturn’s Dream
126
§ 28. Victoria and Mithras II: The Birth of Mithras from the Rock
130
§ 29. Victoria and Mithras III: from Gigantomachy to the Birth of Mithras
135
§ 30. The Miracle of the Water and the Birth of a New Humankind
137
§ 31. Jupiter at Actium, the Gigantomachy, and the Sistrum
140
§ 32. The Mithraic Prophecy
144
§ 33. The End of the Civil War and the Prophecy
150
§ 34. The Magi at Bethlehem
158
§ 35. Mithras as an Archer
160
§ 36. Appendix 1. Cautes and Cautopates
162
Chapter 4: The Myth of the Bull (Central Scene and Upper Predellas)
168
§ 37. The Sacrifice of the Bull
168
§ 38. The Meaning of the Mithraic Bull
174
§ 39. Danaos, the Bull, and Augustus
175
§ 40. The Bull on a Boat
178
§ 41. Mercury and the Transitus
184
§ 42. Salvation in the Mysteries of Mithras
189
§ 43. Mithras the Hunter
192
Chapter 5: Sol’s Coronation and Mithras’ Apotheosis (Right Predellas)
194
§ 44. The Right Predellas: Mithras and Sol
194
§ 45. Mithras’ Apotheosis
201
§ 46. Refusing the Crown
206
§ 47. The Spread of Mithraism in the Roman Empire
208
§ 48. Imperial Freedmen and Mithraism
212
§ 49. From Nero to Vespasian
215
§ 50. Appendix 2. Tiridates’ Coronation and Mithraism
221
Chapter 6: The Mithraic Aiones
228
§ 51. Mazdaism vs. Mithraism
228
§ 52. The Lion-Headed God
230
§ 53. Orphic Pattern in Mithraism
238
§ 54. The Lion and the Snake
241
§ 55. The Supreme Triad of Mithraism
246
§ 56. Treatment of Mazdaism
250
§ 57. Tarsian Culture under the Roman Empire
251
§ 58. Sandas, the Tarsian God of War and of the Dead
255
§ 59. The God of the Dead is raised to the Hypercosmic World
259
Chapter 7: The System of Planetary and Hypercosmic Gods
264
§ 60. The Seven Gods According to History. The First Four Gods
264
§ 61. The Seven Gods According to Ancient Theogonies
265
§ 62. The Three Uppermost Initiatory Grades
266
§ 63. The Geography of a Mithraeum
269
§ 64. The Whole System of Mithraic Gods
275
§ 65. The Mithraic Triangle
280
§ 66. The Central Position of Sol
282
§ 67. The Mithraic Theogony
283
Chapter 8: Mithraism and the Magic Arts
288
§ 68. Magic Deceptions
288
§ 69. Knowledge of natural Substances among Hellenistic Magi
292
§ 70. Magical Performances at Banquets
293
§ 71. Supposed Magi
297
§ 72. Gnostic Imitations of magic Performances
299
§ 73. Speaking Skulls
300
§ 74. Tricks during Mithraic Banquets
305
§ 75. Deception or Truth?
309
§ 76. How was a Mithraic Community organized?
312
§ 77. The Psychological Impact of the Mysteries of Mithras
315
§ 78. Teaching within the three higher Grades
316
§ 79. Mithraic Secrecy and public Cults
318
Chapter 9: The Evolution of the Mithraism
320
§ 80. Serapis in Some Mithraea
320
§ 81. Hecate in Some Mithraea
323
Chapter 10: Para-Mithraism
326
§ 82. Mithraic Worship out of the Mithraea
326
§ 83. The Mithraic Catechism from Egypt
330
§ 84. The “Mithras Liturgy”
331
Chapter 11: The latest devotees of Mithras
336
§ 85. The End of Mithraism
336
§ 86. The Mysteries of Mithras in the Christian Empire
340
§ 87. Julian the Emperor and the Mysteries of Mithras
344
§ 88. Julian and the Imperial Ideology
347
§ 89. Romanization of Eastern Cults
350
Bibliography
356
Index
366
I. General Index
366
II. Index locorum
380
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