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Building Performance Evaluation - From Delivery Process to Life Cycle Phases
Wolfgang F.E. Preiser, Andrea E. Hardy, Ulrich Schramm
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2017
ISBN 9783319568621 , 320 Seiten
2. Auflage
Format PDF, OL
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Foreword
6
Why Building Performance Evaluation Matters
6
References
8
Sec1
6
Preface
10
Sec3
10
Acknowledgements
12
Contents
13
Contributors
16
Introduction
18
1 From Linear Delivery Process to Life Cycle Phases: The Validity of the Concept of Building Performance Evaluation
19
1.1 Transcending the Meaning and Boundaries of POE
19
1.1.1 The Evolution of POE
19
1.1.2 Holistic Thinking: The Building Life Cycle
23
1.2 The BPE Process Model
24
1.2.1 Life Cycle Phases and Review Loops
24
1.2.2 The Performance Concept: Addressing Fitness for Use
28
1.3 Validity of the BPE Concept
29
1.3.1 Applications Around the World
29
1.3.2 Contributions to Sustainable Development
30
1.3.3 Improvements in Building Process and Quality
30
1.4 Conclusion
31
Acknowledgements
32
Frontiers of Building Evaluation
35
2 From POE to BPE: The Next Era
37
2.1 The Future of POE
37
2.2 Barriers to Uptake of POE
37
2.3 POE Influencers
39
2.4 POE Throughout the Project and Building Life-Cycle
40
2.5 New Means of Data Collation
41
2.6 Conclusion
42
References
42
3 Critical Frameworks for Building Evaluation: User Satisfaction, Environmental Measurements and the Technical Attributes of Building Systems (POE + M)
44
3.1 Synopsis
44
3.2 Total Building Performance Is Critical to Building Evaluation
45
3.2.1 Defining Total Building Performance
45
3.2.2 Physiological, Psychological, Sociological, and Economic Assessments of Total Building Performance
47
3.3 Expertise on the Integrated and Occupied Settings Is Critical to Building Evaluation
48
3.4 POE + Measurement Is Critical to Building Evaluation
48
3.4.1 User Satisfaction Surveys: Right-Now and Year-Round
48
3.4.2 Field IEQ Measurements, Sampling, Versus Codes and Standards: NEAT
50
3.4.3 Recording the Technical Attributes of Building Systems: TABS
51
3.4.4 Putting It All Together: Databases and Statistical Analyses
52
3.5 POE + M Results
52
3.5.1 POE + M to Promote Occupants as Integrated Sensors and Controllers
53
3.5.2 POE + M to Identify Technologies and Systems that Work
53
3.5.3 POE + M to Refine Codes and Standards for Performance
55
3.5.4 POE + M to Promote Innovation for Performance
57
3.5.5 POE + M to Prove that Place Impacts Health and Productivity
58
3.6 The Future of POE + M with Measures of Productivity and Health
59
Acknowledgements
59
References
60
4 Informed Design: A Post-Occupancy Evaluation Toolkit for Courthouses
64
4.1 Introduction
64
4.2 POE Toolkit Project Parameters
65
4.3 The Toolkit
66
4.3.1 Data-Gathering Forms
67
4.3.2 Supplemental Studies
69
4.4 Who Should be Involved in the POE?
70
4.5 The POE Process
70
4.5.1 Preparation
71
4.5.2 On-Site
71
4.5.3 After the Site-Visit
72
4.6 Pilot Application of the POE Toolkit
72
4.7 Conclusion—Opportunities to Contribute to Best Practices
74
References
75
5 Synthetic Populations of Building Office Occupants and Behaviors
77
5.1 Introduction
77
5.2 Building Occupant Behavior and Synthetic Databases
77
5.3 Creating a Synthetic Population of Building Occupants
78
5.4 Uses of Synthesized Data
83
5.5 Methodological Implications and Limitations
83
5.6 Conclusion: Theoretical Implications and Future Research
84
Acknowledgements
84
References
84
6 From Pre- to Post-occupancy Evaluations: Acceptance of Intelligent Building Technologies
87
6.1 Introduction
87
6.2 Pre-occupancy Evaluations
88
6.2.1 Building Users’ Expectations, Concerns, and Attitudes Regarding Intelligent Buildings
88
6.2.2 Usability-Testing of Room Control Unit
89
6.2.3 Proto-Type Testing of Micro-Curricula Applications via Smart Phones
90
6.3 Post-occupancy Evaluations
91
6.3.1 POE of the Cognitive Interaction Technology Center of Excellence (CITEC), Bielefeld Campus
91
6.3.2 POE of the New Intelligent Campus Building, Minden Campus
94
6.3.3 Recommended Actions
97
6.4 Conclusions
97
References
98
7 Evaluating the Built Environment from the Users’ Perspective: Implications of Attitudinal Models of Satisfaction
101
7.1 Introduction
101
7.2 Satisfaction as an Evaluation Criterion
102
7.3 Utility of Models
102
7.4 Evolution of Users’ Satisfaction Models
103
7.5 An Attitudinal Model of Satisfaction
104
7.6 Implications of Attitudinal Models of Satisfaction
105
7.7 Conclusion
107
References
108
8 Towards a Hospital Activation Process Model
112
8.1 Introduction and Background
112
8.2 Methodology
114
8.2.1 Interviews and Survey Questionnaire
114
8.2.2 Document Analysis
114
8.2.3 Findings
114
8.2.4 Workshops
116
8.3 The Facility Activation Process Model
116
8.4 Phase I: Initiation
117
8.4.1 Purpose
117
8.4.2 Timing and Resources
117
8.4.3 Major Tasks
117
8.5 Phase II: Organization/Planning
118
8.5.1 Purpose
118
8.5.2 Timing and Resources
118
8.5.3 Major Tasks
119
8.6 Phase III: People/Facility Readiness
121
8.6.1 Purpose
121
8.6.2 Timing and Resources
121
8.6.3 Major Tasks
121
8.7 Phase IV: Start-up
122
8.7.1 Purpose
122
8.7.2 Timing and Resources
122
8.7.3 Major Tasks
122
8.8 Phase V: Operation
123
8.8.1 Purpose
123
8.8.2 Duration and Resources
124
8.8.3 Major Tasks
124
8.9 Conclusions
124
8.9.1 The Evaluation of the Facility Activation Successfully Demonstrated the POE Approach
124
8.9.2 Evaluation of the Facility Activation Process
124
8.9.3 A More Focused and Proactive POE Approach Evaluated Facility Activations
125
8.9.4 The Evaluation Achieved Its Purposes
125
Acknowledgements
125
References
125
Advances in Evaluation Knowledge
127
9 Merging Tradition and Innovation: Programming New Workplaces for Tradition-Steeped Companies
129
9.1 Introduction
129
9.2 Tradition and Innovation
130
9.3 Situation and Project Approach
130
9.4 Requirements
132
9.4.1 Process and Methodology
132
9.4.2 Engineering Innovative Workplace Concepts
133
9.4.3 Implementing Traditional Elements
134
9.5 Workplace Concept
135
9.6 Post-occupancy Feedback
136
9.7 Conclusion
138
References
139
10 Building-In-Use Assessment: Foundation of Workspace Psychology
140
10.1 Introduction
140
10.2 Assessment Tools
140
10.3 Satisfaction and Productivity
141
10.4 Levels of Productivity
142
10.5 Workspace Comfort
144
10.6 Psychological Comfort
146
10.7 Future Research
147
10.8 Conclusions
148
References
148
11 Evaluating Workplace Constructs Using Computerized Techniques of Space Syntax
151
11.1 Introduction
151
11.2 Current Workplace Standards in Dubai
151
11.3 Economic Boom and Diversity in Dubai
152
11.4 Workplace Design Standards
152
11.5 Architects Integrating Space Syntax in Their Practice
155
11.6 Importance of Interactions at the Workplace
156
11.7 Intelligibility in the Space Syntax Literature
157
11.8 Space Syntax in Design Practice in Dubai
159
11.9 Conclusion
163
References
163
12 Social Interactions in Work Environments: Expanding Building Evaluation
165
12.1 Introduction
165
12.2 From Social Space to Social Interactions
166
12.3 Building Evaluation
167
12.3.1 Social Perspectives in Building Evaluation
167
12.3.2 An Increasing Social Focus
168
12.4 Evaluating Social Activity: A Multi-method Approach
170
12.5 Focused Ethnography
170
12.6 Method Testing in Three Northern European Work Environments
170
12.7 Investigation Methods
174
12.7.1 Building Observations
174
12.7.2 Informant Observations
175
12.7.3 Activity Mapping
175
12.7.4 Semi-structured Interviews
176
12.7.5 Photographic Recordings
176
12.7.6 Video Recordings
176
12.8 Case-Study Findings
178
12.9 Conclusions
180
References
180
13 Making POE Work in an Organization
182
13.1 Introduction
182
13.2 Background
183
13.3 Establishing and Maintaining POE
183
13.4 POE as an Organizational Process
186
13.5 POE for Design and Facilities Management
187
13.6 Building a Data Base
187
13.7 POE After MWD
188
13.8 Conclusion
189
References
190
14 POE for Organizations with a Repetitive Building Type
191
14.1 Introduction
191
14.2 Pre-visit Preparation
192
14.3 Site Visit
194
14.4 Post-visit Data Recording and Analysis
196
14.4.1 Recording the POE Database
196
14.4.2 Analysis
196
14.4.3 Recommendation Categories for Implementation
197
14.5 Feedforward
197
14.6 Discussion and Observations
198
References
200
15 US Army Command Headquarters: Evaluating Existing Buildings to Set Design Requirements
201
15.1 Introduction
201
15.2 Background
201
15.3 Scope of Work
202
15.4 Issues Provoking the Evaluation
203
15.5 Methods
204
15.6 Application
210
15.7 Validation and Conclusion
210
References
211
Advances in Evaluation Methods
213
16 A Comparative Analysis of Predictive and Actual Performance of High Performance LEED™ Buildings
216
16.1 Sustainable Building Performance: A Systems Approach
216
16.2 Sustainable Building Performance as Place Experience
217
16.3 Case Study: POE of a LEED™ Platinum Certified Building
219
16.4 Comprehensive Building Performance Protocol for LEED™ Buildings
220
16.5 The Building Energy Performance
221
16.6 IEQ Assessments
222
16.6.1 Visual Comfort Analysis
223
16.6.2 Thermal Comfort Analysis
223
16.6.3 Occupants Satisfaction Analysis
225
16.7 Conclusions
226
References
227
17 Post-Occupancy Evaluation: Research Paradigm or Diagnostic Tool
230
17.1 Introduction
230
17.2 Environment-Behavior Research
231
17.3 Why Distinguish Between Practice-Based and Academic-Based Research?
232
17.4 Quantitative and Qualitative Data
233
17.5 Ethnography
234
17.6 Facility Management and POE
235
17.7 Conclusion
235
References
236
18 Towards Wellbeing: Hospital Evaluation Using the Problem-Seeking Method
238
18.1 Introduction
238
18.2 Method
242
18.3 Five Steps and Four Considerations
242
18.3.1 Basis of Design
243
18.3.2 Quantitative Description
244
18.3.3 Qualitative Description
244
18.3.4 Assessment
245
18.3.5 Lessons Learned
246
18.4 Evaluation Activities
246
18.5 Case Study
247
18.5.1 Case Study Evaluation Process
248
18.5.2 Lessons Learned from the Case Study
249
18.6 Synopsis of the Problem Seeking Method
250
18.7 Conclusions
252
Acknowledgements
253
Bibliography
253
19 Evaluating Changes in Sustainability Culture: A Model for Universities and Other Organizations
255
19.1 Introduction
255
19.2 Sustainability at the University of Michigan
256
19.3 The Sustainability Cultural Indicators Program
257
19.3.1 Questionnaires
257
19.3.2 Population and Sample
257
19.3.3 Findings
258
19.4 Using SCIP to Test New Initiatives
261
19.4.1 Composting Experiment
262
19.4.2 Evaluation Plan
262
19.5 Summary
264
References
264
20 Mind the Gap: Studying Actual Versus Predicted Performance of Green Buildings in Canada
266
20.1 Introduction
266
20.2 Nine Green Buildings
267
20.3 Project Methodology
268
20.4 Anticipated and Actual Building Performance
270
20.4.1 Occupancy
270
20.4.2 Energy
271
20.4.3 Water Use
273
20.4.4 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
274
20.5 Discussion: Performance Gaps
275
20.6 Conclusion
278
References
278
21 The College and University Campus: Facility Assessments for Long Term Decision Making
280
21.1 Introduction
280
21.2 Building Evaluations and Future Decision-Making
281
21.3 Functional Assessments
283
21.4 Functional Assessments—Data Gathering
284
21.5 Functional Assessment—Analysis
286
21.6 Conclusion
288
References
288
22 Emerging Trends in Performance Evaluation of Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Japanese Children’s Hospitals
290
22.1 Introduction
290
22.2 Research Objectives and Methodology
291
22.3 Process of Evidence-Based Design
292
22.4 Building Performance Evaluation of PICU
292
22.4.1 Number of Beds and Staff
292
22.4.2 Use of Nursing Rooms
293
22.4.3 Attributes of Patients
293
22.5 Analysis on Medical and Nursing Activities Surrounding PICU Beds
293
22.5.1 Average Space Planning for PICU Bed
293
22.5.2 Case Using ECMO
294
22.5.3 Case with Suitable Space
295
22.6 Healing Environment for Children Patients and Their Families
296
22.6.1 Resource to Remedy Patient Anxiety
296
22.6.2 Issues on Visitors
296
22.6.3 Comparison with Visiting Situations
296
22.7 Some Recent Development
297
22.8 Conclusions
297
Bibliography
298
23 Feeding the Knowledge Forward: Advancements in Post-Occupancy Evaluation Application Through Collaboration
300
23.1 Introduction
300
23.2 Planning the POE
301
23.3 Conducting the POE
301
23.4 Reporting POE Findings
302
23.4.1 Workflow
303
23.4.2 Communication
303
23.4.3 Privacy and Confidentiality
303
23.4.4 Safety and Security
304
23.5 Applying POE Outcomes
304
23.6 Discussion
307
23.6.1 All-Inclusive, Collaborative Process
308
23.6.2 Easily Interpreted Evidence
308
23.6.3 Active Participant Engagement with the Evidence
308
23.6.4 Feasible Outcomes Grounded in Research
309
23.7 Conclusion
309
Acknowledgements
309
References
309
Epilogue
311
24 Epilogue: From Building Evaluation to Building Performance Evaluation and Beyond
312
References
318
Index
319
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