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Cross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD
John P. Wilson, Catherine C. So-Kum Tang
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2007
ISBN 9780387709901 , 405 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
Kopierschutz Wasserzeichen
Foreword
6
Preface
8
Contents
19
Contributors
21
Theoretical and Conceptual Considerations in the Cross- cultural Assessment of Psychological Trauma
27
The Lens of Culture: Theoretical and Conceptual Perspectives in the Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD
28
INTRODUCTION
28
CASE HISTORY
29
THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE HERO, TRAUMATIC ENCOUNTERS, AND PERSONAL TRANSFORMATION
31
TRAUMA, CULTURE, AND POSTTRAUMATIC SYNDROMES: THE CORE QUESTIONS
33
CULTURE AND TREATMENT FOR POSTTRAUMATIC SYNDROMES
42
Native American
43
South African (Zulu)
44
Indian (Ayurveda)
44
Traditional Chinese Medicine
45
CULTURAL CONVERGENCE IN TRADITIONAL HEALING
45
THE TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC STRESS SYNDROMES IN CULTURAL CONTEXTS
45
POSTTRAUMATIC INTERVENTIONS: WHAT WORKS BEST FOR WHOM UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS?
46
TEN HYPOTHESES CONCERNING TRAUMA, CULTURE, AND POSTTRAUMATIC MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
47
REFERENCES
54
Cultural-Ecological Perspectives on the Understanding and Assessment of Trauma
56
CULTURE AND TRAUMA: CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICE ISSUES
57
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
60
LINKING THE CULTURAL WITH THE ECOLOGICAL IN HUMAN SECURITY
63
ASSESSMENT APPROACHES CONSISTENT WITH A CULTURALÒ ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
64
IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY, RESEARCH, AND PRACTICE
68
REFERENCES
70
Ethnomedical Best Practices for International Psychosocial Efforts in Disaster and Trauma
76
OVERVIEW AND CONTEXTUAL PERSPECTIVE
77
CASE STUDY USING ETHNOMEDICAL CRITIQUE Ò HEALING RESPONSES TO THE TSUNAMI
78
EVIDENCE FOR SHORTFALLS IN ETHNOMEDICAL COMPETENCE Back Pressure from the Field and Afar
80
CULTURAL COMPETENCE AS NECESSARY BUT NOT SUFFICIENT FOR ETHNOMEDICAL COMPETENCE
83
SUBJECTING VICTIMS Ò VICTIMIZING SUBJECTS
84
ETHNOMEDICAL STRATEGY AND TACTICS Guidelines to Counteract Neocolonial Transference Dynamics
85
CONCLUSION
87
REFERENCES
88
Assessing Trauma Across Cultures from a Multigenerational Perspective
90
CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE
90
TRAUMA AND THE CONTINUITY OF SELF: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL, MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATIVE ( TCMI) FRAMEWORK
92
TRAUMA EXPOSURE AND ÏFIXITYÓ
93
THE INTERGENERATIONAL CONTEXT
94
UTILITY OF THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATIVE ( TCMI) FRAMEWORK
95
RESILIENCE AND TRAUMA ASSESSMENT AMONG GENERATIONS
99
MECHANISMS OF THE TRANSMISSION OF TRAUMA
100
THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE AS TRANSMITTER, BUFFER, AND HEALER
103
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
104
ON JUSTICE
106
REFERENCES
108
Refugee Assessment Practices and Cultural Competency Training
115
INTRODUCTION
115
'WELCOME' General Issues
116
ASSESSMENT PRACTICE IN THE UNITED STATES
122
MULTICULTURAL ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES AND INSTRUMENT EXAMPLES
123
TRAINING FOR REFUGEE ASSESSMENT
129
PERORATION
131
REFERENCES
132
Wrestling with the Ghosts from the Past in Exile: Assessing Trauma in Asylum Seekers
137
INTRODUCTION
137
TRAUMA DOES NOT HAPPEN IN A VACUUM, NEITHER DOES THE ASSESSMENT
138
OBSTACLES IN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A HEALTH PROFESSIONAL AND AN ASYLUM SEEKER
140
HOW TO CREATE SAFETY AS A PREREQUISITE FOR ASSESSMENT
141
EXPLANATORY MODELS AND CULTURAL RELATIVITY OF NOTIONS AND CONCEPTS
144
ACCURACY OF THE TRAUMA STORY: IS IT IMPORTANT AND HOW TO CHECK IT?
147
ADVOCACY Ò SOME ETHICAL DILEMMAS
149
USING INTERPRETERS IN ASSESSMENT OF TRAUMA
150
SOME TECHNICAL ISSUES IN ASSESSMENT OF TRAUMA
151
REFERENCE
153
Assessment Methods
156
Assessment of PTSD and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Contemporary Chinese Societies
157
TRADITIONAL CHINESE HEALTH BELIEFS AND COPING ORIENTATIONS
158
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS OF MENTAL DISORDERS AND PTSD
159
ASSESSMENT OF PTSD AND PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY
161
Assessment of Trauma and Life Event
161
Diagnostic Interviews for Psychiatric Disorders and PTSD
162
Screening and Assessment Instruments for PTSD Symptoms
163
Assessment Instruments for Psychiatric Comorbidity
166
NEURO-IMMUNO-BIOLOGY OF PTSD AND HUMAN NEUROIMAGING RESEARCH
168
Animal Studies
168
Neuroimmunological Studies with Psychiatric Patients
169
Human Neuroimaging Studies
170
PREVALENCE, COMORBIDITY, AND PREDICTORS OF PTSD
171
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
182
REFERENCES
184
APPENDIX 1
190
Culture and the Assessment of Trauma in Youths
191
ASSESSING CULTURALLY DIVERSE GROUPS
191
ETHNICITY: MIXED FINDINGS IN US SAMPLES
193
Confounding Variables
193
Additional Stressors
194
Reporting Patterns
194
Birth Cohorts
195
NATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND EXPERIENTIAL CULTURES
195
Trauma-Related Subcultures
195
National Cultures
196
Multicultural Groups
202
PREPARING FOR ASSESSMENT
203
The Interviewer
203
Preludes to Rapport
204
Preparing Individuals and Environments for Assessment
205
ADAPTING MEASURES The Culture of Youths
207
Testing Translations
208
Assessing Treatment Methods
208
Regression and Reversion
209
INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS: ASSOCIATED VARIABLES
209
Locus of Control and Culture
210
Self-View and Social Support
211
CONCLUSIONS
212
REFERENCES
213
The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire: An International Perspective
219
EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF TRAUMA AND DISSOCIATION
219
INTRODUCTION TO THE PDEQ: DISSOCIATIVE REACTIONS AT THE TIME OF TRAUMA EXPOSURE
221
THE PERITRAUMATIC DISSOCIATIVE EXPERIENCES QUESTIONNAIRE: A MEASURE OF IMMEDIATE DISSOCIATIVE RESPONSES TO TRAUMATIC EVENTS
223
INDEPENDENT STUDIES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE VERSION OF THE PDEQ
226
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: DUTCH VERSION
229
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: FRENCH VERSION
229
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: GERMAN VERSION
230
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: ISRAELI VERSION
230
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: JAPANESE VERSION
231
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE VERSION
231
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: PALESTINIAN VERSION
231
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: TURKISH VERSION
232
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WITH THE PDEQ: SUMMARY AND NEXT STEPS
232
REFERENCES
233
APPENDIX A
237
APPENDIX B
238
The Impact of Event Scale: Revised
240
INTRODUCTION
240
THE INITIAL PILOT WORK ON THE IES-R
243
ISSUES IN ALTERNATE VERSIONS IN A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE
245
INTERNATIONAL VERSIONS OF THE IES-R
249
A SAMPLING OF USE OF THE IES-R INTERNATIONAL VERSIONS
251
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
256
REFERENCES
257
Posttraumatic Stress in Asylum Seekers from Chechnya, Afghanistan, and West Africa: Differential Findings Obtained by Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Three Austrian Samples
260
INTRODUCTION
260
METHOD Participants
266
Quantitative Methods: Psychometrics
267
Qualitative Methods: Diagnostic Interviews
270
RESULTS
271
DISCUSSION
287
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
291
REFERENCES
292
Trauma and Cultural Adaptation
297
The Cross-Cultural Assessment of Dissociation
298
DEFINITIONS OF DISSOCIATION
298
SOMATOFORM DISSOCIATION
299
DISSOCIATION AND PSYCHOSIS
300
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAUMA AND DISSOCIATION
302
NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL DISSOCIATION
304
CROSS-CULTURAL PHENOMENOLOGY
305
GENERAL ASSESSMENT ISSUES
308
PUERTO RICO AND PUERTO RICAN COMMUNITIES IN THE US
313
Translation and Adaptation of Dissociation Measures
313
Research with Psychiatric Populations
314
Community Studies of Dissociation and Related Conditions
316
Studies with Undergraduates
317
Case Studies
317
Summary
318
TURKEY
318
CONCLUSION
327
REFERENCES
329
Mass Psychological Trauma and PTSD: Epidemic or Cultural Illusion?
337
INTRODUCTION
337
VIETNAMESE REFUGEES AS A CASE EXAMPLE
341
VIETNAMESE REFUGEES AND THE TRAUMA MODEL
342
CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG THE VIETNAMESE
343
DEVELOPING AN INDIGENOUS MEASURE OF MENTAL DISTRESS: THE PHAN VIETNAMESE PSYCHIATRIC SCALE ( PVPS)
344
HOW IMPORTANT IS PTSD?
347
HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION FOR PTSD
347
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS AND SOMATIZATION AMONG VIETNAMESE REFUGEES
347
DISABILITY AND HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION PREDICTED BY THE PVPS
348
DISCUSSION
348
CONCLUSIONS
351
REFERENCES
351
Assessment of Trauma for Aboriginal People
355
ASSESSING CHRONIC, PERVASIVE AND COLLECTIVE TRAUMA
356
RESEARCHING POPULATION DATA ON TRAUMA: ASSESSING PSYCHOLOGICALLY TRAUMATIC EXPOSURES AND IMPACTS
359
THEMES IN ASSESSMENT OF TRAUMA AT THE CLINICAL LEVEL
361
ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES
370
CONCLUSION
375
REFERENCES
375
Combined Psychosocial and Pharmacological Treatment of Traumatized Refugees
377
INTRODUCTION
377
CASE PRESENTATION
378
FORMULATION AND STATEMENT TO THE PATIENT
379
NEGOTIATING A TREATMENT PLAN
380
RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT
380
FOLLOW-UP VISITS
381
NONSPECIFIC FACTORS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
382
SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT MEDICATION FOR REFUGEES
384
SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR COMBINED TREATMENT
385
REFERENCES
386
Western Psychiatry and Difficulty: Understanding and Treating Hmong Refugees
388
INTRODUCTION
388
HMONG SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: RESOURCES AND CHALLENGES
394
OPIUM: PRODUCTION, COMMERCE, AND ADDICTION
397
REFUGEE-RELATED MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
398
THE HMONG WORLDVIEW: CAUSES OF MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, AND BEHAVIOR DISORDERS
400
HMONG FAMILY ORGANIZATION AND MENTAL HEALTH
403
CHILDBIRTH, CHILD RAISING, AND CHILDHOOD
406
APPLICATION OF PSYCHOTHERAPIES TO HMONG PATIENTS
407
REFERENCES
408
Index
411