Suchen und Finden
Service
Genetically Modified Food - Trade Regulation in view of Environmental Policy Objectives
Marie Kreipe
Verlag Diplomica Verlag GmbH, 2010
ISBN 9783842800137 , 92 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
Kopierschutz frei
Geräte
Genetically Modified Food
1
Abstract
3
Table of contents
5
Acronyms and abbreviations
7
List of figures
10
List of tables
10
Introduction
11
1 Portrait: Genetically modified food
13
1.1 Definition and characteristics of GM food
13
1.2 Negative impacts of GM food
17
1.2.1 Risks for human health
17
1.2.2 Risks for the environment
18
1.3 Positive impacts of GM food
20
1.3.1 Benefits for farmers
20
1.3.2 Benefits for the environment
22
1.3.3 Benefits for consumers
24
1.3.4 Benefits for developing counties
25
2 Trade policy: Two approaches
26
2.1 US: The "principle of substantial equivalence“
26
2.2 EU: The "precautionary principle“
28
3 The legal framework for trade with GMOs
32
3.1 Legislation of the World Trade Organization
32
3.1.1 Article I and III GATT (WTO)
32
3.1.2 Article XI GATT (WTO)
33
3.1.3 Article XX GATT (WTO)
33
3.1.4 WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement
34
3.1.5 WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement
35
3.2 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
35
3.3 Implications for the EU-US trade dispute on GMOs
37
4 Tensions between GMO trade policy and environmental policy objectives
40
4.1 Scientific findings about risks of GM food
40
4.2 GMO policy against the background of limited scientific findings – qualitative approach
41
4.2.1 Utilitarian theory as a basis for policy formulation
42
4.2.2 Normative theory as a basis for policy formulation
43
4.2.3 Behavior of consumers as a basis of policy formulation
46
4.2.4 Behavior of biotech firms as a basis of policy formulation
49
4.3 GMO policy against the background of limited scientific findings – quantitative approach
56
4.4 Conclusions about the appropriate GMO policy
58
5 Consequences for international trade
61
5.1 Trade flows and global welfare effects
61
5.2 Potential protectionist behavior of the EU
63
5.3 Risk of an isolation of the EU from international trade
65
5.4 Recovery of international trade
66
Conclusion
68
Appendices
70
Bibliography
79
Autorenprofil
91
Service
Shop