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Promoting Self-Change From Addictive Behaviors - Practical Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment
Harald Klingemann, Linda Carter-Sobell
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2007
ISBN 9780387712871 , 260 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
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Dedication
5
Acknowledgments
6
Foreword Considering the Unimaginable: Challenges to Accepting Self- Change or Natural Recovery from Addiction
7
References
11
Preface
12
References
15
Contents
16
Contributors
18
The Phenomenon of Self-Change: Overview and Key Issues
21
Introduction
21
The Respondents Speak
22
Is What We Call the Phenomenon Important?
23
Defining Treatment and How Little Is Too Much
24
Mixing Treated and Untreated Respondents
25
State-of-the-Art in Self-Change
26
Advantages of Survey and Other Methods for Studying the Process of Self- Change
27
Why Has Self-Change as an Area of Study Been So Long Overlooked or Ignored?
27
Nonabstinent Outcomes and Natural Recovery
28
What Can Be Gained by Studying the Process of Self- Change?
29
Barriers to Treatment or Help-Seeking for Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Women
31
Models of Change
33
Conflict Theory
33
Transtheoretical Model of Change
34
Crystallization of Discontent
35
Becoming an Ex
35
Major Findings from Self-Change Studies
36
Self-Change: A Major Pathway to Recovery
36
Can We Believe What They Tell Us?
36
Stability of Natural Recoveries
37
What Triggers Self-Change? Thinking about Changing
38
Maintaining Recoveries
39
Conclusions and Future Directions
39
References
40
Self-Change from Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Often- Cited Classics
51
The Setting
51
The “Pioneering Studies”
52
Subsequent Research on Self-Change
53
Studies of Drug Use and Drug Addiction
54
Studies of Alcoholism, Drinking Patterns, and Drinking Problems
60
Summing Up: Conclusions and Implications
73
References
74
Natural Recovery or Recovery without Treatment from Alcohol and Drug Problems as Seen from Survey Data
78
Early Drinking Survey Results
78
Specialized Survey Studies of Natural Recovery
79
Community Studies of Self-Change
81
Drug Users and Natural Recovery
82
Advantages of Survey and Other Methods for Studying Natural Recovery
83
Snowball, Media-Derived, and Convenience Samples in Self- Change Studies
84
Do Those Who Recover Naturally Have Fewer Problems Than Those Who Seek Treatment?
86
What Can We Conclude about Self-Change?
87
References
88
Remission without Formal Help: New Directions in Studies Using Survey Data
91
Methodological Issues
91
Sampling Methods
92
Definition of the Substance Use Problem
92
Definition of Treatment
93
Occurrence of Natural Remission in the General Population
93
Stability of Untreated Remission
94
Factors Supporting Remission
95
Media-Recruited or Other Nonrepresentative Samples
96
General Population Samples
98
Conclusion and Suggestions for Future Research
101
References
101
Natural Recovery from Alcohol and Drug Problems: A Methodological Review of the Literature from 1999 through 2005
104
Introduction
104
Method
105
Results
106
Discussion and Conclusions
112
References
115
Appendix Primary References
117
Secondary References
118
Self-Change in a Broader Context: Beyond Alcohol and Drugs
119
Self-Change: The Rule among Smokers
120
Epidemiology of Smoking and Quitting
120
Self-Quitting
121
Success in a Given Self-Quit Attempt
122
Reduction as Outcome
122
Reasons for Quitting
123
Predictors of Successful Self-Quitting
124
References
124
Natural Recovery from Problem Gambling
127
References
130
The Natural Course and Outcome of Eating Disorders and Obesity
133
References
138
Spontaneous Desistance from Crime
141
What Is to Stop Crime Spontaneously?
142
Correlates of Desistance and the Desistance Process
144
Maturation and Morality
145
Growing Aversion for Risk
146
Changes in Adult Life
146
Turning Points: Inside and Outside Views
147
Against All Odds
148
Family Violence and Question of Change without Treatment
148
Conclusion
150
References
150
Self-Change from Stuttering: An Overview
152
What Is Stuttering?
152
Natural Recovery during Early Childhood Stuttering
152
Treatment Approaches for Managing Stuttering After Childhood
153
The Phenomenon of Untreated Recovery after Childhood
154
Findings from Late Recovery Research Methodological Challenges
155
Mechanisms of Self-change
156
Are These Accounts of Self-Change Credible?
157
Outcomes of Self-Managed Late Recovery
157
Recent Findings and Future Directions
158
References
159
One Way to Leave Your Lover: The Role of Treatment in Changing Addictive Behaviors
163
Meaningful Explanations of Change in Addictive Behavior
163
Fifty Ways to Leave Your Lover
164
Factors Influencing Route of Change
167
The Role of Treatment in Changing Addictive Behavior
170
Stepped-Care Approach
170
Multiple Functions of Treatment
171
Summary: Many Ways to Leave Your Lover
172
References
172
Promoting Self-Change: Taking the Treatment to the Community
175
Self–Change Approaches
176
Tailored Nontraditional Messages
178
A Community Mail Intervention: Background and Rationale
183
An Empirically Crafted Advertisement
184
PSC Study Results
186
What Triggered the Change Process?
186
Responding to Advertisements: A Critical Event in Promoting Self- Change
187
Public Health Implications of Community Interventions
189
Conclusion and Future Directions
191
References
191
Hostile and Favorable Societal Climates for Self- Change: Some Lessons for Policymakers
199
Introduction
199
Images of Alcohol and Drug Addiction in the General Population: Stigma, Social Support, and Change Optimism
200
Treatment Systems and the Acceptance of Treatment
203
Self-Change in the Global Village: Media Images and Health Information Management as Social Capital The Portrayal of Alcohol and Drug Users in the Media
206
Active Information Retrieval and Media Use as a Tool for Self- Change
208
Media Campaigns Setting the Stage for Change?
210
“ A Sober Look at Drugs”
211
“Handle With Care”
212
“Milestone”
213
Structural Prevention and Chances of Change: How Far Is It to the Next Pub and Where Am I Still Allowed to Smoke?
216
Motivation of Change and References to Society and Politics of Self- Change
220
References
221
Natural Recovery: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
225
Cross-Cultural Variation in Beliefs and Normative Behaviors
226
Cultural Types: Broadly Drawn
227
Specialist Cultures
228
Generalist Cultures
229
Ethnic Minorities and Mainstream Populations
230
Some Central Domains for Self-Change
233
Problem Definition and Trajectory
233
Time
236
Emotion
238
Identity
240
Expertise
242
Conclusion: Implications for Research and Clinical Practice
244
References
246
Self-Change Toolbox: Tools, Tips, Websites, and Other Informational Resources for Assessing and Promoting Self- Change
250
Introduction
250
Assessment Instruments to Promote Self-Change
250
Tools for Assessing Problem Severity or Adverse Consequences of Addictive Behaviors
251
Assessing Addictive Behaviors
252
Assessing High-Risk Triggers to Addictive Behaviors
253
Assessing Motivation and Readiness to Change
253
Addiction Self-Change Websites by Country North America
255
Great Britain
256
Austria, Germany, and Switzerland
258
Finland
261
France
261
Italy
261
Sweden
262
Mexico
262
Spain
262
Additional Addiction Self-Change Resources Available Online by Request
262
References
264
Index
267
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