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Developing Prosocial Communities Across Cultures
Forrest B. Tyler
Verlag Springer-Verlag, 2007
ISBN 9780387714851 , 164 Seiten
Format PDF, OL
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Contents
5
Preface
7
Acknowledgments
10
Definitions and Background Issues
12
1.1. Background
12
1.2. Defining a Prosocial Community
15
1.3. Characteristics of a Prosocial Community
18
1.3.1. Freedom
18
1.3.2. Unifying Functions
19
1.3.3. Complexity
21
1.3.4. The CommunityÌs Requirements
21
1.3.5. Human Dignity
24
1.3.6. Individual Prosocial Morality (Conscience)
25
1.4. Studying and Intervening in Communities
26
Psychosocial Integration: The Theoretical Framework
28
2.1. Transcultural Ethnic Validity Model
28
2.1.1. A Hypothetical Example
29
2.1.2. Individual Psychosocial Competence
31
2.1.3. Ethnic Validity
35
2.1.4. Nested Frameworks
38
2.2. Prosocial Community Model
40
2.2.1. Functional Interaction
41
2.2.2. Patterns of Interaction
42
2.2.3. Resource Collaboration/Resource Enhancement
43
2.2.4. Levels of Action
45
2.3. Integration of the Ethnic Validity and Prosocial Community Perspectives
47
The Current Situation: PsychologistsÌ Approaches to Community Change
49
3.1. Background
49
3.2. Community Mental Health/Psychology Approaches
51
3.2.1. Changing Individuals
52
3.2.2. Changing Social Systems
58
3.2.3. Interactions among Systems and People
63
3.3. Reconceptualizing Community Approaches
65
The Prosocial Effect of Changing One Aspect of a Community
67
4.1. Changing Individuals to Solve Community Problems
67
4.2. Organized Assaults on System Injustices and Inequities
70
4.2.1. Racial and Ethnic Minorities
70
4.2.2. A Special Case: The ClarksÌ Vision and PsychologyÌs Response
73
4.2.3. Addressing Inequities in the Status and Lives of Women
77
4.3. The Creation of Alternative Settings
80
4.3.1. External Relations
81
4.3.2. Leadership
81
4.3.3. The Planning Process
82
4.3.4. Group Dynamics: Conflict vs. Commitment
82
4.4. Comments
82
The Prosocial Effect of Coordinating Change in Two Aspects of a Community
86
5.1. Prosocial Community Projects Managed by External Consultants
87
5.1.1. Integration in a Productivity-Oriented Work Context
87
5.1.2. Protecting a PRSC from External Sanctions and Neutralizing Opponents
88
5.2. The Prosocial Effect when Consultants Become Involved
94
5.2.1. Resolving a Major Community Conflict
95
5.2.2. Creating an Alternative Setting
98
5.3. Relevant Efforts
103
5.4. Comments
104
A Guide for Establishing Prosocial Communities
106
6.1. Three Levels of Action
107
6.1.1. Social Action, Social Planning, and Locality Development
107
6.1.2. Prosocial Community Processes
113
6.2. Creating Prosocial Communities
115
6.2.1. Assumptions Related to Prosocial Communities
116
6.2.2. Comments
122
Questscope: A Comprehensive Prosocial Community Program
124
7.1. History and Evolution of Questscope as a Prosocial Community
124
7.2. Program Development Process
127
7.3. QuestscopeÌs Program Elements
129
7.3.1. Administrative Structures
130
7.3.2. Collaborative Structures
130
7.3.3. Programmatic Structures
131
7.3.4. Program Implementation
137
7.4. Facilitating Prosocial Transformations
141
7.5. The Broader Prosocial Community: Prosocially Oriented Programs and Institutions
150
Biographical Sketch of Curtis N. Rhodes, Jr. PhD
153
References
154
Subject Index
160
Author Index
165
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